Plastic, usually derived from non-renewable sources, is among the most used materials in food packaging. Despite its barrier properties, plastic packaging has a recycling rate below the ideal and its accumulation in the environment leads to environmental issues. One of the solutions approached to minimize this impact is the development of food packaging materials made from polymers from renewable sources that, in addition to being biodegradable, can also be edible. Different biopolymers from agricultural renewable sources such as gelatin, whey protein, starch, chitosan, alginate and pectin, among other, have been analyzed for the development of biodegradable films. Moreover, these films can serve as vehicles for transporting bioactive compounds, extending their applicability as bioactive, edible, compostable and biodegradable films. Biopolymer films incorporated with plant-derived bioactive compounds have become an interesting area of research. The interaction between environment-friendly biopolymers and bioactive compounds improves functionality. In addition to interfering with thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of films, depending on the properties of the bioactive compounds, new characteristics are attributed to films, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, color and innovative flavors. This review compiles information on agro-based biopolymers and plant-derived bioactive compounds used in the production of bioactive films. Particular emphasis has been given to the methods used for incorporating bioactive compounds from plant-derived into films and their influence on the functional properties of biopolymer films. Some limitations to be overcome for future advances are also briefly summarized. This review will benefit future prospects for exploring innovative methods of incorporating plant-derived bioactive compounds into films made from agricultural polymers.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2518/pdf

Methods of Incorporating Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds into Films Made with Agro-Based Polymers for Application as Food Packaging: A Brief Review

Simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry by Fe-modified biochar

Lava caves differ from karstic caves in their genesis and mineral composition. Subsurface microbiology of lava tube caves in Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, is largely unknown. We have focused the investigation in a representative lava tube cave, Fuente de la Canaria Cave, in La Palma Island, Spain, which presents different types of speleothems and colored microbial mats. Four samples collected in this cave were studied using DNA next-generation sequencing and field emission scanning electron microscopy for bacterial identification, functional profiling, and morphological characterization. The data showed an almost exclusive dominance of Bacteria over Archaea. The distribution in phyla revealed a majority abundance of Proteobacteria (37-89%), followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Candidatus Rokubacteria. These four phyla comprised a total relative abundance of 72-96%. The main ecological functions in the microbial communities were chemoheterotrophy, methanotrophy, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and CO2 fixation; although other ecological functions were outlined. Genome annotations of the especially representative taxon Ga0077536 (about 71% of abundance in moonmilk) predicted the presence of genes involved in CO2 fixation, formaldehyde consumption, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and microbially-induced carbonate precipitation. The detection of several putative lineages associated with C, N, S, Fe and Mn indicates that Fuente de la Canaria Cave basalts are colonized by metabolically diverse prokaryotic communities involved in the biogeochemical cycling of major elements.

/pdf/prokaryotic-communities-from-a-lava-tube-cave-in-la-palma-9wko59lnoe.pdf

Prokaryotic communities from a lava tube cave in La Palma Island (Spain) are involved in the biogeochemical cycle of major elements.

A review of plant characteristics, phytochemistry and bioactivities of the genus Glechoma.

Soil microbes and enzymes play important roles in plant growth and metabolism. However, for Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr., an important crop with edible and medicinal uses in China, their effects are not well elucidated. To explore their impacts on plant morphology and bioactive compounds, the plant samples and rhizosphere soil of five different G. longituba populations were collected and investigated in this study. After high-throughput sequencing combined with data analyses, high microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soil of each G. longituba population were observed, and the variations on bacterial and fungal community compositions among these soil samples were also proved. The activities of urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, protease, and polyphenol oxidase were significantly different among the rhizosphere soils from different G. longituba populations. Among the major microbial communities and soil enzymes we studied, the genera of Tomentella, Sebacina, Fusarium, Nitrospira, and the activity of soil sucrase were remarkably correlative with both the morphological indices and the contents of bioactive compounds of G. longituba by redundancy analysis. These findings would help guide the scientific plantation of G. longituba to promote its medicinal quality.

/pdf/effects-of-soil-microbiomes-and-enzymatic-activities-on-4m2he11v85.pdf

Effects of Soil Microbiomes and Enzymatic Activities on Glechoma longituba

Variation in bioactive compounds of Glechoma longituba and its influential factors: Implication for advanced cultivation strategies

Phosphorus and iron in soil play dominating roles in regulating bioactive compounds of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr

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Effects of Soil Microbiomes and Enzymatic Activities on Glechoma longituba

Variation in bioactive compounds of Glechoma longituba and its influential factors: Implication for advanced cultivation strategies

Phosphorus and iron in soil play dominating roles in regulating bioactive compounds of Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr