Compound hot droughts over China: Identification, risk patterns and variations

Drought is a serious ecological problem around the world, and its impact on crops and water availability for humans can jeopardize human life. Although drought has always been common, the drought risk has become increasingly prominent because of the climatic warming that has occurred during the past century. However, it still does not comprehensively understand the mechanisms that determine the occurrence of the drought risk it poses to humans, particularly in the context of global climate change. In this paper, we summarize the progress of research on drought and the associated risk, introduce the principle of a drought “transition” from one stage to another, synthesize the characteristics of key factors and their interactions, discuss the potential effect of climatic warming on drought risk, and use this discussion to define the basic requirements for a drought risk management system. We also discuss the main measures that can be used to prevent or mitigate droughts in the context of a risk management strategy.

Management of drought risk under global warming

Intensification of historical drought over China based on a multi-model drought index

One of the effects of global climate change is increase in the frequency and severity of drought, which strongly affects the Chinese agricultural production. In order to cope these changes more effectively, it is important to document and analyze the agricultural losses caused by drought. We collected and analyzed conventional meteorological data and agricultural statistics data, in order to outline trends in drought occurrence and decline in agricultural yield. Data were assembled for the period 1960–2010. The study pays particular attention to regional differences between northern and southern China. Our results show the drought-caused agricultural loss rates (DCALR) in China have increased by approximately 0.5% per decade in the past 50 years. The study area in this paper is for the whole of the People’s Republic of China, minus the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; when we analyzed regional differences, we found that losses increased by approximately 0.6% per decade in northern China, close to twice the increase in southern China. Moreover, drought risks and agricultural losses are rising faster in northern China. Our results also indicate that the agriculture in northern China is more sensitive to changes in precipitation, whereas the agriculture in southern China is more sensitive to temperature changes.

North–south differences in Chinese agricultural losses due to climate-change-influenced droughts

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are extensively released into the environment by petroleum refining activities, predominantly affecting soil as a major reservoir. This study focuses on an active petroleum refinery in central China and employs a multi-faceted approach, combining geo-statistics, the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression model, and the Monte Carlo simulation, to comprehensively unravel the sources and risks associated with 12 PAHs. The analysis reveals a wide range of PAH concentrations, spanning from 60.23 to 1678.00 μg·kg-1, with an average of 278.91 μg·kg-1. Strikingly elevated PAH levels are primarily concentrated in construction and transportation lands, whereas woodland and grasslands exhibit lower PAH concentrations. In terms of ecological impact, the risk arising from oil-coal combustion significantly surpasses that linked to biomass combustion. meticulous assessments indicate negligible carcinogenic risks for both children and adults within the study area. An innovative hybrid model, which seamlessly integrates risk assessments with source identification, emerges as a pivotal advancement. This hybrid model not only quantifies PAH emission levels from refining activities but also effectively quantifies potential risks from distinct sources. Consequently, this study furnishes a robust theoretical foundation for strategizing PAH pollution risk mitigation. In essence, our research not only contributes a comprehensive understanding of PAH distribution around an active petroleum refinery but also introduces an advanced hybrid model, culminating in valuable insights for devising measures to curtail PAH-related environmental risks. 

Ecological and health risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils around a petroleum refining plant in China: A quantitative method based on the improved hybrid model

Using PCA-APCS-MLR model and SIAR model combined with multiple isotopes to quantify the nitrate sources in groundwater of Zhuji, East China

Based on the data of the droughts and relevant disasters occured from 1949 to 2007 in China,the characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of the drought and drought disaster are discussed,and then the drought situation in China is also investigated through comparing the occurring and developing laws of the droughts between the two periods(from 1949 to 1979 and from 1980 to 2007).The changing and developing trend of the drought in China under the impacts of both the increase of the water demand due to the fast development of national economy and the global climate warming is analyzed as well.

Analysis on characteristics and situation of drought disasters during past 60 years in China

Molecular mechanisms of Chromium(III) sorption by organo-ferrihydrite coprecipitates induced by crop straws.

Wastewater treatment and reuse are important means of addressing water scarcity and protecting the aquatic environment in urban areas. However, it comes at the cost of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the issues of governance and provincial-scale research have largely been ignored in current urban wastewater treatment and reuse studies. This paper summarizes the current status of 175 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Beijing, explores energy-intensive processes, energy consumption ratios, and the overall energy intensity of WWTPs, and maps the structure of urban wastewater treatment and reuse governance. The results indicate that most WWTPs in Beijing are medium or small in scale, treating wastewater at less than 200 thousand tons/day. Then, five energy-intensive subprocesses are identified, and their energy consumption ratios vary with treatment technologies and management factors, which calls for individual WWTP analysis and plant-specific strategies. The energy intensity of WWTPs in Beijing varies with treatment capacity and membrane bioreactor treatment technology used. Large-scale WWTPs employing MBR technology have a higher average energy intensity. Furthermore, the current coordination group and the four-layer policy system provide sufficient executive power and promote efficiency in departmental collaborations. Finally, inconsistent data, reductions in energy consumption, and the normalization of the governance structure are discussed, and policy suggestions are proposed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/630/pdf?version=1675669982

The Current Status, Energy Implications, and Governance of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: A System Analysis of the Beijing Case

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Papers

Using PCA-APCS-MLR model and SIAR model combined with multiple isotopes to quantify the nitrate sources in groundwater of Zhuji, East China

Analysis on characteristics and situation of drought disasters during past 60 years in China

Molecular mechanisms of Chromium(III) sorption by organo-ferrihydrite coprecipitates induced by crop straws.

The Current Status, Energy Implications, and Governance of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: A System Analysis of the Beijing Case