Background: Di erentiated care is a new innovative approach for managing HIV/AIDS where ART treatment services are customized by staggering patients’ visits for stable status while reducing unnecessary burdens on the health system. Through provision of di erentiated care, the health system can reallocate resources to patients most in need who are failing treatment. Objective: The main objective of this study is to develop a data-driven longitudinal model which is applicable to HIV di erentiated care. Method: We used routine data of HIV positive patients initiated to ART at the point of care from 4 medical facilities in Nairobi in the year 2018. Since both the GLMM and GEE are extensions of the GLM, we start with a brief overview of GEE then relooked at extensions of GLMM. We specify f(μ) and g(μ) to be dependent on the type of response Yi. For a binary Yi , we consider f(μ) as Bernoulli distribution and g(μ) as the logit function, g(μ) = log[μ/1−μ] resulting to GLM is the logistic regression. Results and conclusion: Results show the binary response which was di erentiated care category ts well with GLMM. We also found TB-HIV co-infection to be the only signi cant predictor of di erentiated care under both GEE and GLMM. Master Thesis in Statistics at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. ISSN 2410-1397: Research Report in Statistics ©Weunda O. Stephen, 2019 DISTRIBUTOR: School of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Kenya

Data Driven Longitudinal Model with Application to HIV Differentiated Care Data

This paper analyzes the impacts of Shadow banking system (SBS) on the nominal and real economy. It studies the SBSâ€™s data of 14 countries for 13 years using Generalizing estimation equation (GEE) method in SPSS statistics. The results showed that the increase in SBS was associated with large increase in nominal GDP rather than real GDP and thus causing nominal indicators of the economy to grow more than real ones. The paper concluded by suggesting that the SBS should be regulated and its size should be reduced from the current level to make financial system more stable and prevent future financial crisis. JEL classification numbers: G2

The impacts of Shadow banking system on economy. An empirical analysis

Abstract Background Over one-third of people living with HIV (PLH) in Ukraine are not on treatment. Index testing services, which link potentially exposed partners (named partners) of known PLH (index patients) with testing and treatment services, are being scaled in Ukraine and could potentially close this gap. Methods This retrospective study included patient data from 14,554 adult PLH who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) between October 2018 and May 2021 at one of 35 facilities participating in an intervention to strengthen index testing services. Mixed effects modified Poisson models were used to assess differences between named partners and other ART initiators, and an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to assess changes in ART initiation over time. Results Compared to other ART initiators, named partners were significantly less likely to have a confirmed TB diagnosis (aRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.77, p &lt; 0.001), a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 (aRR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.97, p = 0.017), or be categorized as WHO HIV stage 4 (aRR = 0.68, 9% CI = 0.55, 0.83, p &lt; 0.001) at the time of ART initiation, and were significantly more likely to initiate ART within seven days of testing for HIV (aRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.50, p &lt; 0.001). Our ITS analysis showed a modest 2.34% (95% CI = 0.26%, 4.38%; p = 0.028) month-on-month reduction in mean ART initiations comparing the post-intervention period to the pre-intervention period, although these results were likely confounded by the COVID epidemic. Conclusion Our findings suggest that index testing services may be beneficial in bringing PLH into treatment at an earlier stage of HIV disease and decreasing delays between HIV testing and ART initiation, potentially improving patient outcomes and retention in the HIV care cascade. 

Does HIV index testing bring patients into treatment at earlier stages of HIV disease? Results from a retrospective study in Ukraine

Examining the relationship between early life antibiotic exposure and risk of an immune mediated disease during childhood through adolescence

Abstract Background Adolescent chronic pain is a substantial public health problem, and pain symptoms often persist into adulthood. Young adults with chronic pain are at elevated risk for more frequent tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, and cross‐sectional research highlights the importance of psychosocial vulnerability factors. Limited research has examined how adolescent predictors, including mental health symptoms, pain, sleep and family functioning, impact later, young adult substance use. Methods A prospective cohort of 229 young adults (77.3% female; M age = 21.0, SD = 1.6) with childhood‐onset chronic pain completed measurements in adolescence and a follow‐up assessment in young adulthood of past 3‐month substance use frequency. Results Adolescent sleep quality and male sex were associated with more frequent tobacco use; adolescent depression was associated with more frequent alcohol use, and adolescent pain severity was associated with less frequent, and male sex was associated with more frequent cannabis use. Conclusions Adolescent predictors of young adult substance use among youth with childhood‐onset chronic pain represent important factors that may inform assessment, prevention and treatment of substance use in this population. Identifying and testing psychological interventions that target these vulnerability factors may reduce overall substance use risk in young adulthood. Significance This prospective observational study of young adults with childhood‐onset chronic pain identified adolescent depression and sleep quality as vulnerability factors associated with substance use. Given the increasing risk for substance use during adolescence and young adulthood, these findings highlight the potential importance of early intervention to reduce substance use among young adults with childhood‐onset chronic pain. 

Adolescent predictors of substance use in young adulthood among individuals with childhood‐onset chronic pain: A follow‐up study

Longitudinal studies are used in mental health research and services studies. The dominant approaches for longitudinal data analysis are the generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) and the weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEE). Although both classes of models have been extensively published and widely applied, differences between and limitations about these methods are not clearly delineated and well documented. Unfortunately, some of the differences and limitations carry significant implications for reporting, comparing and interpreting research findings. In this report, we review both major approaches for longitudinal data analysis and highlight their similarities and major differences. We focus on comparison of the two classes of models in terms of model assumptions, model parameter interpretation, applicability and limitations, using both real and simulated data. We discuss caveats and cautions when applying the two different approaches to real study data.

Modern methods for longitudinal data analysis, capabilities, caveats and cautions.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Lin Ge

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Modern methods for longitudinal data analysis, capabilities, caveats and cautions.