Development of a drone-borne volcanic plume sampler

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of water vapor in volcanic plumes sampled in glass bottles using cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Long-term monitoring of nitrate ions and topographical control of atmospheric nitrate in forest river waters of Yakushima Island, a Natural World Heritage site. 

Influences of topography on nitrate export from forested watersheds on Yakushima Island, a Natural World Heritage site

Variation of volcanic gas composition at a poorly accessible volcano: Sakurajima, Japan

Both chemical and isotopic compositions of concentrated volcanic plumes are highly useful in evaluating the present status of active volcanoes. Monitoring their temporal changes is useful for forecasting volcanic eruptions as well. Recently, we developed a drone-borne automatic volcanic plume sampler, called SelPS, wherein an output signal from a sulfur dioxide (SO2) sensor triggered a pump to collect plume samples when the SO2 concentration exceeded a predefined threshold. In this study, we added a radio transmission function to the sampler, which enabled our operator to monitor real-time SO2 concentration during flights and thus obtain more concentrated volcanic plume samples through precise adjustment of the hovering position. We attached the improved SelPS to a drone at Nakadake crater, Aso volcano (Japan), and successfully obtained volcanic plume samples ejected from the crater more concentrated than those obtained by using previous version of SelPS in 2019. Additionally, we found a significant linear correlation between the reciprocal of the concentration and isotopic ratios for the 2H/1H ratios of H2, 18O/16O ratios of CO2, and 13C/12C ratios of CO2 within the plume samples. Based on the isotopic ratios of fumarolic H2 (δ 2H = −239 ± 6‰) and fumarolic CO2 (δ 13C = −3.58 ± 0.85‰ and δ 18O = +22.01 ± 0.68‰) determined from the linear correlations, we estimated the apparent equilibrium temperatures (AETs) with magmatic H2O simultaneously and precisely for the first time in erupting volcanoes, assuming hydrogen isotope exchange equilibrium between H2 and H2O (AETD = 629 ± 32°C) and oxygen isotope exchange equilibrium between CO2 and H2O (AET18O = 266 ± 65°C). We found that the AET18O was significantly lower than the AETD in the crater. While the temperature of the magmatic gases was originally 600°C or more, most of the gases cooled just beneath the crater to temperatures around the boiling point of water. The improved SelPS enable us to determine both AETD and AET18O in eruptive volcanoes, wherein fumaroles are inaccessible. Simultaneous and precise determination of both the AET18O and AETD can provide novel information on each volcano, such as the physicochemical conditions of magma degassing and the development of fluid circulation systems beneath each volcano.

Sampling Volcanic Plume Using a Drone-Borne SelPS for Remotely Determined Stable Isotopic Compositions of Fumarolic Carbon Dioxide

Direct measurement of the fumarole outlet temperature in active volcanoes is impractical. Therefore, we used an aircraft to sample H2 in the volcanic plume ejected from Sakurajima volcano to remotely estimate the highest fumarolic temperatures of the volcano based on hydrogen isotopic fractionation between H2 and magmatic H2O. We successfully estimated that the δD of the fumarolic H2 in September and December 2014 was −135 ± 13‰ and −113 ± 11‰, respectively, and that the corresponding highest outlet temperatures were 1050 ± 120°C and 1199 ± 139°C. Although the temperatures were higher than those determined by using infrared remote sensing, we concluded that they are more reliable estimates of the highest fumarole outlet temperatures. Combined with plume sampling by using aircraft, remote temperature sensing based on the δD of H2 in volcanic plumes can be widely applied to active volcanoes to determine the highest fumarole outlet temperatures.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016GL070838

Remote determinations on fumarole outlet temperatures in an eruptive volcano

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Lin Cheng

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Remote determinations on fumarole outlet temperatures in an eruptive volcano