Diabetes and sarcopenia are emerging as serious public health issues. Sarcopenia, an age-related disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is recognized as a new complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, accumulation of advanced glycation products and increased oxidative stress, which can negatively affect skeletal muscle mass, strength and function leading to sarcopenia. There is a mutual interrelationship between T2DM and sarcopenia in light of pathophysiology mechanism and long-term outcome. T2DM will accelerate the decline of muscle mass and function, which will in turn lead to glucose metabolism disorders, reduced physical activity and the risk of diabetes. However, the specific mechanism involved has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this review aims to explore the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy related to sarcopenia and diabetes and provide insight for future investigations, which is of great significance for improving the quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and concurrently reducing the incidence of related complications. 

/pdf/the-association-between-sarcopenia-and-diabetes-from-6obom15c.pdf

The Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy

Abstract Diabetes and sarcopenia are emerging as serious public health issues. Sarcopenia, an age-related disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is recognized as a new complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, accumulation of advanced glycation products and increased oxidative stress, which can negatively affect skeletal muscle mass, strength and function leading to sarcopenia. There is a mutual interrelationship between T2DM and sarcopenia in light of pathophysiology mechanism and long-term outcome. T2DM will accelerate the decline of muscle mass and function, which will in turn lead to glucose metabolism disorders, reduced physical activity and the risk of diabetes. However, the specific mechanism involved has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this review aims to explore the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy related to sarcopenia and diabetes and provide insight for future investigations, which is of great significance for improving the quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and concurrently reducing the incidence of related complications.

Objective: To characterize skin integrity among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), and identify risk factors for skin failure (SF) in these patie...

Skin Failure Among Critically Ill Patients Afflicted with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Pressure injuries are increasing worldwide, and there has been no significant improvement in preventing them. This study is aimed at reviewing and evaluating the studies related to the prediction model to identify the risks of pressure injuries in adult hospitalized patients using machine learning algorithms. In addition, it provides evidence that the prediction models identified the risks of pressure injuries earlier. The systematic review has been utilized to review the articles that discussed constructing a prediction model of pressure injuries using machine learning in hospitalized adult patients. The search was conducted in the databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHIL), PubMed, Science Direct, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria included studies constructing a prediction model for adult hospitalized patients. Twenty-seven articles were included in the study. The defects in the current method of identifying risks of pressure injury led health scientists and nursing leaders to look for a new methodology that helps identify all risk factors and predict pressure injury earlier, before the skin changes or harms the patients. The paper critically analyzes the current prediction models and guides future directions and motivations.

Systematic Review for Risks of Pressure Injury and Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

Abstract This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.

pdf/non-pharmacological-strategies-for-managing-sarcopenia-in-4a6tv1nkrj.pdf

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder and can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Its definitions, given by the AWGS and EWGSOP, are widely used. Sarcopenia is measured by muscle strength, muscle quantity or mass and physical performance. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have grown. The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) training has received increased attention in managing sarcopenia. BFR is accomplished using a pneumatic cuff on the proximal aspect of the exercising limb. Two main methods of exercise, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, have been applied with BFR in treating sarcopenia. Both methods can increase muscle mass and muscle strength to a certain extent. Intricate mechanisms are involved during BFRT. Currently, the presented mechanisms mainly include responses in the blood vessels and related hormones, such as growth factors, tissue hypoxia-related factors and recruitment of muscle fiber as well as muscle satellite cells. These mechanisms contribute to the positive balance of skeletal muscle synthesis, which in turn mitigates sarcopenia. As a more suited and more effective way of treating sarcopenia and its comorbidities, BFRT can serve as an alternative to traditional exercise for people who have marked physical limitations or even show superior outcomes under low loads. However, the possibility of causing stress or muscle damage must be considered. Cuff size, pressure, training load and other variables can affect the outcome of sarcopenia, which must also be considered. Thoroughly studying these factors can help to better determine an ideal BFRT scheme and better manage sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities. As a well-tolerated and novel form of exercise, BFRT offers more potential in treating sarcopenia and involves deeper insights into the function and regulation of skeletal muscle.

/pdf/blood-flow-restriction-training-for-the-intervention-of-141wskxm.pdf

Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective

Identification of risk factors of developing pressure injuries among immobile patient, and a risk prediction model establishment: A protocol for systematic review

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Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective

Identification of risk factors of developing pressure injuries among immobile patient, and a risk prediction model establishment: A protocol for systematic review