Rational design and exploitation of efficient and inexpensive catalysts for water electrolysis are highly desired, yet very challenging. Herein, for the first time, we report a nanostructured catalyst of nickel phosphides-ruthenium phosphides self-supported on nickel foam (Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P/NF) through an in situ growth-phosphorization process. As expected, by virtue of prominent intrinsic activity, rich electrochemically active sites, and high electronic conductivity, the resultant Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P/NF exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic behavior for the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, which delivers low overpotentials of 160 and 101 mV at 10 mA cm 2 in alkaline media, respectively. Remarkably, the Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P/NF can dramatically accelerate full water splitting with an ultralow cell voltage of 1.45 V at 10 mA cm −2 , which far exceeds the benchmark Pt-C/NF//RuO 2 /NF (1.64 V) and ranks among the best electrocatalysts previously reported. A high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction was designed by constructing the Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P heterointerfaces on nickel foam. Impressively, the resultant catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic performance toward overall water splitting. • Self-supported Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P/NF with abundant artificial heterointerfaces is successfully synthesized in situ. • Unique 3D architectures with superhydrophilicity provide large surface area and rich exposed sites. • Ni 2 P-Ru 2 P/NF shows enhanced catalytic performance for OER and HER. • An ultralow cell voltage (1.45 V) and about 100% Faradaic yield toward over water splitting. 

Self-supported bimetallic phosphides with artificial heterointerfaces for enhanced electrochemical water splitting

To utilize intermittent renewable energy as well as achieve the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, various electrocatalytic devices have been developed. However, the electrocatalytic reactions, e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction/oxygen evolution reaction in overall water splitting, polysulfide conversion in lithium–sulfur batteries, formation/decomposition of lithium peroxide in lithium–oxygen batteries, and nitrate reduction reaction to degrade sewage, suffer from sluggish kinetics caused by multielectron transfer processes. Owing to the merits of accelerated charge transport, optimized adsorption/desorption of intermediates, raised conductivity, regulation of the reaction microenvironment, as well as ease to combine with geometric characteristics, the built-in electric field (BIEF) is expected to overcome the above problems. Here, we give a Review about the very recent progress of BIEF for efficient energy electrocatalysis. First, the construction strategies and the characterization methods (qualitative and quantitative analysis) of BIEF are summarized. Then, the up-to-date overviews of BIEF engineering in electrocatalysis, with attention on the electron structure optimization and reaction microenvironment modulation, are analyzed and discussed in detail. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of BIEF engineering are proposed. This Review gives a deep understanding on the design of electrocatalysts with BIEF for next-generation energy storage and electrocatalytic devices. 

Designing a Built-In Electric Field for Efficient Energy Electrocatalysis

Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanoporous Cobalt Phosphide by Carbon Doping for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

One-stone, two birds: Alloying effect and surface defects induced by Pt on Cu2−xSe nanowires to boost C-C bond cleavage for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

Achieving efficient and robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts under all‐pH conditions is significant for clean hydrogen production. Herein, an ultralow Pt‐decorated hierarchical Ni‐Mo porous hybrid, consisting of Ni3Mo3N on MoO2 microcolumns, is developed for all‐pH HER with remarkable catalytic performances, owing to the porous structure, strong metal‐support interaction, along with ultralow Pt nanoparticles and multichannel nickel foam support. The superhydrophilic and aerophilic surfaces favor mass transport during the HER process. Consequently, the porous Pt/Ni‐Mo‐N‐O microcolumns present remarkable HER activity and durability with low overpotentials of 40.6, 101.1, and 89.5 mV to obtain 100 mA cm−2 in basic, neutral, and acid media, respectively. Moreover, the excellent performance in alkaline seawater (40.4 mV@100 mA cm−2) even suppresses most of over‐reported catalysts. More importantly, the two‐electrode cell, assembled with Pt/Ni‐Mo‐N‐O and NiMoO4 as cathode and anode, exhibits excellent performance towards overall‐water electrolysis with an ultralow cell voltage of 1.56 V@100 mA cm−2.

Superb All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Performances Powered by Ultralow Pt‐Decorated Hierarchical Ni‐Mo Porous Microcolumns

Boosting interfacial charge transfer for alkaline hydrogen evolution via rational interior Se modification

Phosphating-induced charge transfer on CoO/CoP interface for alkaline H2 evolution

Bimetallic chalcogenides for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

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Boosting interfacial charge transfer for alkaline hydrogen evolution via rational interior Se modification

Phosphating-induced charge transfer on CoO/CoP interface for alkaline H2 evolution

Bimetallic chalcogenides for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction