This study was conducted to evaluate fertigation effects of pig slurry (PS) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in tomato by analyzing the growth and yield, nutrient content and uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and soil characteristics in greenhouse cultivation. The treatments compared were; no-fertilizer, two different levels of PS (26 mg and 52 mg ), and a control treatment of chemical fertilizer. There was no significant difference in growth and yield between PS and CF treatments. however, yield reduction was observed in PS 26 mg treatment. The N-utilization efficiency in CF treatment was similar to that of PS 52 mg treatment. Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased in order of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) with 29.2~43.3% in K, 15.8~36.7% in N, and 3.0~6.3% in P. In soil chemical characteristics, soil pH in PS treatment was higher than in CF treatment. In contrast, nitrate content in soil was higher in CF treatment than in PS treatment. The content of exchangeable K in soil was higher in PS and CF 52 mg treatments. There was no significant difference in exchangeable Ca and Mg among those treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that chemical fertilizers can be substituted by PS based on soil chemical analysis in tomato fertigation culture.

Effect of Pig Slurry Fertigation on Soil Chemical Properties and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

This experiment was carried out to investigate the replaceability of chemical fertilizer by SCB liquid fertilizer (SCB) in pear orchard for 5 years. The effects on the mineral content of leaf, fruit quality, yield and soil chemical properties are as follows: The mineral content of leaf showed no difference between the treatments; two SCB liquid fertilizer treatments based on the N (SCB-N) and K (SCB-K) content, and control (chemical fertilizer application). There were no significant differences in yield, titratable acidity and weight of the fruit although the figure of fruit weight was high in SCB-N treatment. Soluble solids content was higher in the SCB treatments than the control. Soil chemical properties such as the content of soil organic matter, available soil phosphate and exchangeable cation were not different, although soil pH was higher in SCB treatments. In conclusion, it is suggest that the use of chemical fertilizer in pear orchard could be replaced by the application of SCB liquid fertilizer because of the same effect on the growth of pear tree and soil chemical properties.

http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201223052002447.pdf

Effect of Pig Slurry Application on the Mineral Content of Leaf, Fruit Quality and Soil Chemical Properties in Pear Orchard

Biochar is a solid substance made by carbonizing biomass. Biochar can be added to the soil and used as a soil conditioner to improve the function of the soil. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice hull-derived biochar application on the growth, yield and soil physico-chemical properties of the watermelon cultivated under greenhouse. Rice hull-derived biochar was tested with 0 (no treatment), 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 kg per ha levels. Among the growth characteristics of watermelon harvest season, rice hull-derived biochar application thickened stem diameter and increased fresh weight. The weight of watermelon was the heaviest in 2,000 kg ha -1 rice hull-derived biochar application, and the sugar content of watermelon was 0.3 - 0.4°Brix higher than that of control 11.5°Brix. The watermelon yield was the highest at 52,990 kg ha -1 in 2,000 kg ha -1 rice hull-derived biochar application, which was higher than that of control. Changes in soil chemical properties of rice hull-derived biochar application were increased with pH, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, but available phosphate acid was decreased. The bulk density decreased and the porosity increased with the rice hull-derived biochar application. These results suggest that the rice hull-derived biochar application to the watermelon cultivation area could improve the productivity of watermelon by improving the physico-chemical properties of watermelon cultivation area.

/pdf/effect-of-rice-hull-derived-biochar-application-on-hd75lkmy.pdf

Effect of Rice Hull-Derived Biochar Application on Watermelon Growth, and Soil Physico-chemical Properties under Greenhouse

Slurry composting biofiltration(SCB) is considered as a treatment to produce a better fertilizer resource than raw pig slurry as it reduces odor and improves nutrients imbalance. For the agricultural use of SCB slurry as a nutrient source with minimum environmental impact, it is important to investigate the effect of different rate of SCB slurry application on nutrient (particularly for nitrogen) uptake and growth of crops. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fertigation using pig slurry(PS) on growth and yield of red pepper and to evaluate the appropriate PS concentration in fertigation for soils with different nitrate concentration. To evaluate the effects of fertigation applied PS as a substitute of chemical fertilizer(CF), a single application of three different concentrations of PS: (43 mg/L), (86 mg/L) and (131 mg/L) were compared with CF (89 mg/L) as a control nitrogen fertilizer. Statistical analysis showed that the growths of red pepper were not affected by treatments. In addition, the yields were no significant difference among treatments, though the highest yield was obtained in PS by 20,580 kg/ha. In soil chemical properties, nitrate nitrogen on soil of between PS N1.0 and CF treatment showed similar patterns although they were higher than the preplant nitrogen content. Also, there was no significant difference in yield of red pepper between PS and CF treatment applied as fertigation on soils where nitrate nitrogen contents of each soil contains 10, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Consequently, the application of PS, such as SCB, as a substitute of CF is available for growth and yield of red pepper, there could be accordingly estimated the optimal fertigation concentration of PS for red pepper cultivation.

Effects of Fertigation with Pig Slurry on Growth and Yield of Red pepper

This study was conducted to examine the impacts of different soil water potentials on environmental soil properties related to the moisture injury of Korean raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.). Soil water potential in the plastic film house plots was differentiated from -5 to -40 kPa. Soils in the plots contained 5.6% of plant available water. Increasing soil water contents based on the changes in water potential increased soil pH and exchangeable Ca 2+ content and decreased exchangeable K + and total N contents. It also declined soil organic matter content at 9 days after water treatments. Relationship between water potential and soil water content was given as an exponential equation, y = 96.534 - 20.28In(x). In particular, when the water potential was higher than -20 kPa (27.5% of soil moisture content), it decreased chlorophyll content in the raspberry leaves, inhibited N uptake by the plant, and increased phosphorus content with increasing days after water treatment. Also, as the 7 days after water treatment at higher than -20 kPa of water potential, the root activity of the plant was significantly decreased, and trunk (top)/root (T/R) ratio of the plant markedly declined until 9 days after water supply. Carbohydrate contents in the raspberry plant leaves and roots at dormant stage were the lowest at -5 and -10 kPa of water potential plots, and it may cause winter injury to the plant.

/pdf/effects-of-soil-water-potential-on-the-moisture-injury-of-33triz864y.pdf

Effects of Soil Water Potential on the Moisture Injury of Rubus coreanus Miq. and Soil Properties

In the agricultural fields application of pig slurry composting biofiltraton amending smell and nutrient unevenness, it is important for the appropriate nitrogen nutrient management to promote the availability of the crops and to minimize the risk of adversely environmental effects. The objective of this study was to determine the application rates of pig slurry composting biofiltration as basal fertilizer for Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestis L.) by considering the yield response, N use efficiency indexes, soluble sugar and nitrate contents. Chinese cabbages were grown on plastic film ground under non-fertilizer with six different application rates of pig slurry (PS) and a control treatment of chemical fertilizer (CF). The effects of a single application of six different doses of PS: 0 N (no Mg.ha), 1/2 N (7.4 Mg.ha), 3/4N (11.1 Mg.ha), 1N (14.7 Mg.ha), 1N (18.6 Mg.ha) and 1N (22.3 Mg.ha) were compared with 1N chemical fertilizer (110 kg N ha) in the pre-planting. The sidedressing N application (210 kg N ha) was applied to the mineral fertilizer in all treatments except no fertilization plot. The yields were increased according to the increase in the N application rates from non-fertilizer to 1N PS. The highest yield was obtained in 1N PS by 138,480 kg.ha, but there were no significant difference in yield among 1N, 1N PS and CF. N-use efficiency indexes of CF are the most similar to that of 1N PS among the PS treatments. In addition, statistical analysis showed that soluble sugar and nitrate contents of Chinese cabbage were not affected by treatments except non-fertilizer. The preplant PS application rate as basal fertilizer to obtain the same yield of CF from relation between different PS rates and Chinese cabbage yields was determined as 1N PS (15.4 Mg.ha).

Evaluation of the Preplant Optimum Application Rates of Pig Slurry Composting Biofiltration for Chinese Cabbage

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging conditions on the growth, root activities and nutrient contents of two-year old 'ampbell Early'grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) under waterlogged condition from June 15 to July 27, 2005. For the experiment, two-year old grapevine seedlings were transplanted to 40 L pot with a sandy loam soil. Treatments consisted of non-waterlogging (control) with controlled at -40 kPa of soil water tension (NW), waterlogging with continuous aeration to supplying dissolved oxygen (WO), waterlogging with exchange of water twice a week (WE), and continuous waterlogging without aeration as well as exchange of water (WL). Eh of waterlogged soil (WO, WE and WL) maintained as reduction status of 70-80 20 mV but control was maintained as oxidation status of 520 60 mV during the experiment. The growth of shoot length, fresh and dry weight of grapevine by aeration (WO) was not significant among the waterlogged grapevine but had higher tendency than WE and WL treatments, except control. Nitrogen contents of leaf and petiole in waterlogged grapevines were not different among the treatments. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of waterlogged grapevine were reduced, but it' of leaf and petiole was higher in WO than in WE. However, Na contents of petiole in waterlogged condition were significantly increased compared to control. Formazan content of roots was higher in WO (0.466 mgVgVh) than in WE and WL, but was not different in control (0.496 mgVgVh). These data show that supplying dissolved oxygen by aeration could alleviate water stress which reduced growth and nutrient content of grapevine caused exhausting dissolved oxygen by waterlogging. However, aeration effect varied with situation, thus searching for a proper method to supply dissolved oxygen in waterlogged condition is very important to control the waterlogged situation which occurred in our vineyard.

Effect of waterlogging conditions on the growth, root activities and nutrient content of 'Campbell Early' grapevine.

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Evaluation of the Preplant Optimum Application Rates of Pig Slurry Composting Biofiltration for Chinese Cabbage

Effect of waterlogging conditions on the growth, root activities and nutrient content of 'Campbell Early' grapevine.