https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1961.6.1.0099

Marine Algae of the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of the Americas

Pluripotent cells in the embryo can generate all cell types, but lineage-restricted cells are generally thought to replenish adult tissues. Planarians are flatworms and regenerate from tiny body fragments, a process requiring a population of proliferating cells (neoblasts). Whether regeneration is accomplished by pluripotent cells or by the collective activity of multiple lineage-restricted cell types is unknown. We used ionizing radiation and single-cell transplantation to identify neoblasts that can form large descendant-cell colonies in vivo. These clonogenic neoblasts (cNeoblasts) produce cells that differentiate into neuronal, intestinal, and other known postmitotic cell types and are distributed throughout the body. Single transplanted cNeoblasts restored regeneration in lethally irradiated hosts. We conclude that broadly distributed, adult pluripotent stem cells underlie the remarkable regenerative abilities of planarians.

Clonogenic Neoblasts Are Pluripotent Adult Stem Cells That Underlie Planarian Regeneration

Crop yield can be raised by establishment of adequate plant stand using seeds with high germination ratio and vigor. Various pre-sowing treatments are adopted to achieve this objective. One of these approaches is the exposure of seeds to a low-to-medium level magnetic field (MF), in pulsed and continuous modes, as they have shown positive results in a number of crop seeds. On the basis of the sensitivity of plants to MF, different types of MF have been used for magnetopriming studies, such as weak static homogeneous magnetic fields (0–100 μT, including GMF), strong homogeneous magnetic fields (milliTesla to Tesla), and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields of low-to-moderate (several hundred μT) magnetic flux densities. The agronomic application of MFs in plants has shown potential in altering conventional plant production systems; increasing mean germination rates, and root and shoot growth; having high productivity; increasing photosynthetic pigment content; and intensifying cell division, as well as water and nutrient uptake. Furthermore, different studies suggest that MFs prevent the large injuries produced/inflicted by diseases and pests on agricultural crops and other economically important plants and assist in reducing the oxidative damage in plants caused by stress situations. An improved understanding of the interactions between the MF and the plant responses could revolutionize crop production through increased resistance to disease and stress conditions, as well as the superiority of nutrient and water utilization, resulting in the improvement of crop yield. In this review, we summarize the potential applications of MF and the key processes involved in agronomic applications. Furthermore, in order to ensure both the safe usage and acceptance of this new opportunity, the adverse effects are also discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1139/pdf

Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview.

Growth stimulation and synthesis of lipids, pigments and antioxidants with magnetic fields in Chlorella kessleri cultivations.

Plants are phytochemical hubs containing antioxidants, essential for normal plant functioning and adaptation to environmental cues and delivering beneficial properties for human health. Therefore, knowledge on the antioxidant potential of different plant species and their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties is of utmost importance. Exploring this scientific research field provides fundamental clues on (1) plant stress responses and their adaptive evolution to harsh environmental conditions and (2) (new) natural antioxidants with a functional versatility to prevent and treat human pathologies. These natural antioxidants can be valorized via plant-derived foods and products. Cuba contains an enormously rich plant biodiversity harboring a great antioxidant potential. Besides opening new avenues for the implementation of sustainable agroecological practices in crop production, it will also contribute to new strategies to preserve plant biodiversity and simultaneously improve nature management policies in Cuba. This review provides an overview on the beneficial properties of antioxidants for plant protection and human health and is directed to the valorization of these plant antioxidants, emphasizing the need for biodiversity conservation.

Antioxidants in Plants: A Valorization Potential Emphasizing the Need for the Conservation of Plant Biodiversity in Cuba.

We investigated the distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts at eight localities along the southeastern coast of Cuba between June 2010 and March 2011. We divided he epiphytes in two groups according to their distribution on the host: those at the base of the thallus and those on its surface. We determining the dissimilarity between the zones and the species involved. We identified 102 taxa of epiphytic macroalgae. There were significant differences between the two zones. In 31 hosts, the number of epiphytes was higher on the surface of the thallus, whereas the number of epiphytes was higher at the thallus base in 25 hosts, and the epiphytes were equally distributed between the two zones in five hosts (R=−0.001, p=0.398). The mean dissimilarity between the two zones, in terms of the species composition of the epiphytic macroalgae, was 96.64%. Hydrolithon farinosum and Polysiphonia atlantica accounted for 43.76% of the dissimilarity. Among macroalgae, the structure of the thallus seems to be a determinant of their viability as hosts for epiphytes.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abb/v27n4/22.pdf

Distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts in Cuba

In this work a description of the ecology of fresh water microalgae is presented, as well as those of coastal and marine environments, making an analysis of ...

/pdf/microalgas-aspectos-ecologicos-y-biotecnologicos-306ptaxp15.pdf

Microalgas: aspectos ecológicos y biotecnológicos

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el estudio del genero Callinectes en la zona costera del municipio de Santiago de Cuba. Se realizo una recolecta de 257 ejemplares durante marzo de 2007 a abril de 2008, en ocho estaciones a lo largo de la costa. El genero resulto estar ampliamente distribuido en el litoral y representado al menos por cuatro especies: C. sapidus, C. similis, C. rathbunae y C. larvatus, las dos ultimas no incluidas en la lista publicada de crustaceos (Crustacea: Decapoda) cubanos. Las especies mas abundantes resultaron ser C. sapidus y C. similis. C. rathbunae fue la mas ampliamente distribuida. El analisis del contenido estomacal permitio identificar nueve categorias alimentarias, siendo las mas importantes los peces y las macroalgas. Las especies de Callinectes tienen un amplio espectro trofico; comen no solo lo disponible, sino tambien lo mas abundante.

/pdf/biodiversidad-morfometria-y-alimentacion-de-los-cangrejos-e8700v7wsn.pdf

Biodiversidad, morfometría y alimentación de los cangrejos del género Callinectes (Decapoda: Portunidae) en Santiago de Cuba

Se presenta una caracterizacion de la variacion espacial y temporal de las macroalgas del mesolitoral rocoso del sector Aguadores-Baconao, determinandose 47 especies, 33 generos y 16 familias. Del total de especies, 19 pertenecen a Rhodophyta, 11 a Heterokontophyta y 17 a Chlorophyta; consignandose por primera vez las especies Amphiroa beauvoisii, Centroceras clavulatum, Ceramiun brasiliense, Yuzurua poiteaui, Ceratodictyon intricatum, Gracilaria damaecornis, Laurencia obtusa, Polysiphonia scopulorum, P. sphaerocarpa, Dictyota ciliolata, Anandyomene saldanhae, Chaetomorpha gracilis y Dictyosphaeria ocellata para la plataforma suroriental. Los valores mas elevados de riqueza especifica se obtuvieron en marzo (35). La composicion varia entre los meses (55% de disimilitud) y localidades (30 - 100% de disimilitud). Estas variaciones responden a las caracteristicas del microhabitat y la presencia de fuentes puntuales de enriquecimiento con nutrientes

Variación espacial y temporal de las macroalgas del mesolitoral rocoso en Aguadores-Baconao, Cuba I: composición

Titulo en ingles: Culture of Chlorella vulgaris using soy waste and applying a magnetic field Cultivo de C. vulgaris con soja y CM Chlorella ha ocupado la atencion de los biotecnologos al ser una importante fuente de biomasa para la produccion de metabolitos de interes quimico farmaceutico e industrial; sin embargo, el manejo de cultivos a gran escala sigue siendo un proceso que necesita economizarse, a partir de alternativas viables. Este trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio en el que se evaluo la viabilidad del uso del residual de la linea de ablandamiento del grano de soya, como medio de cultivo para la microalga Chlorella vulgaris , obteniendose excelentes valores de densidad celular maxima (K max : 360 x 10 6 cel.mL -1 ). Posteriormente se evaluan los efectos de la aplicacion de un campo magnetico (CM) de 0.03T, obteniendose densidades celulares maximas en un menor tiempo de cultivo, lo que puede constituir un fundamento esencial para una nueva metodologia de cultivo. La calidad de la biomasa de C. vulgaris se evalua desde el punto de vista bioquimico, lo que permite determinar la concentracion de proteinas, carbohidratos y lipidos en la fase exponencial, cuya acumulacion se ve favorecida dependiendo del protocolo de aplicacion del CM, mientras que la concentracion de lipidos es maxima si el CM es aplicado en la fase estacionaria, variando desde 1.70 ±0.02 hasta 3.48 ±0.03 pg cel ; lo que constituiria una ventaja para el manejo de cultivos comerciales de esta microalga que depende de su destino. Palabras clave: iman de neodimio, pigmentos, nitrogeno, biomasa, microalga. ABSTRACT Chlorella has occupied the attention of biotechnologists to be an important source of biomass for the production of metabolites with a pharmaceutical, industrial and chemical interest; however, managing large-scale cultures, remains a process that needs to find alternatives become cheaper and viable. This paper presents an exploratory study that evaluated the feasibility of using the residual of soybeans softening, as a culture medium for the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris , yielding excellent values ​​ for maximum cell density (K max : 360 x 10 6 cells.mL -1 ). Subsequently assessed the effects of applying a magnetic field (MF) of 0.03T, obtaining maximum cell densities in a shorter time, which may constitute an essential base for a new culture methodology. The quality of the C. vulgaris biomass was evaluated from a biochemical point of view, determining protein concentration, carbohydrates and lipids concentration in the exponential phase of growth, whose accumulation is favored, depending on the MF application protocol, while the lipid concentration is maximum if the MF is applied during the stationary phase, with values from 1.70 ±0.02 to 3.48 ±0.03 pg cell . It would be an advantage for the management of commercial cultures of Chlorella depending on the biomass final use. Keywords: neodymium magnet, pigments, nitrogen, biomass, microalgae.

/pdf/cultivo-de-chlorella-vulgaris-sobre-residual-de-soja-con-la-1qyd1uk0zj.pdf

Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris sobre residual de soja con la aplicación de un campo magnético

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