A K-Na liquid alloy allows a dendrite-free high-capacity anode; its immiscibility with an organic liquid electrolyte offers a liquid-liquid anode-electrolyte interface. Working with a sodiated Na2 MnFe(CN)6 cathode, the working cation becomes K+ to give a potassium battery of long cycle life with an acceptable capacity at high charge/discharge rates.

Liquid K-Na Alloy Anode Enables Dendrite-Free Potassium Batteries.

Healthcare-acquired infections as well as increasing antimicrobial resistance have become an urgent global challenge, thus smart alternative solutions are needed to tackle bacterial infections. Antibacterial materials in biomedical applications and hospital hygiene have attracted great interest, in particular, the emergence of surface design strategies offer an effective alternative to antibiotics, thereby preventing the possible development of bacterial resistance. In this review, recent progress on advanced surface modifications to prevent bacterial infections are addressed comprehensively, starting with the key factors against bacterial adhesion, followed by varying strategies that can inhibit biofilm formation effectively. Furthermore, "super antibacterial systems" through pre-treatment defense and targeted bactericidal system, are proposed with increasing evidence of clinical potential. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of surface strategies to resist healthcare-associated infections are discussed, with promising prospects of developing novel antimicrobial materials.

Surface Design for Antibacterial Materials: From Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies

Lanthanide (Ln3+)-based nanoparticles (NPs) with light emission in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) region under NIR excitation are emerging multifunctional players in the biomedical field. Excitation and emission wavelengths matching the NIR biological transparency windows (700-1870 nm) set the basis for deeper penetration depth into biological tissues due to less absorption, higher resolution as a result of reduced scattering, and improved imaging contrast due to tissue autofluorescence minimization; all being inevitable requirements for optical in vivo bioimaging. Moreover, frequency-conversion in Ln3+-based NPs is sensitive to their thermal environment, thus allowing for application as optical temperature sensors. Additional heating capability opens the pathway to self-monitored optical agents with potential for photothermal therapies (PTTs). UV-visible emitting upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are of particular interest for applications in photodynamic therapies (PDTs) owing to their capability to trigger various photochemical processes upon NIR excitation. It is the aim of this review to highlight the most recent achievements and advances in the field of Ln3+-based NPs as frequency-converting materials for biomedical applications and to identify current trends as well as remaining challenges. Special focus will be set on the most recently presented Ln3+-based systems whose potential has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as NIR-to-NIR bioimaging probes, NIR-operating nanothermometers and -heaters as well as photochemical agents.

Optical nanoprobes for biomedical applications: shining a light on upconverting and near-infrared emitting nanoparticles for imaging, thermal sensing, and photodynamic therapy

Microorganisms are found everywhere, and they are closely associated with plants. Because the establishment of any plant–microbe association involves chemical communication, understanding crosstalk processes is fundamental to defining the type of relationship. Although several metabolites from plants and microbes have been fully characterized, their roles in the chemical interplay between these partners are not well understood in most cases, and they require further investigation. In this review, we describe different plant–microbe associations from colonization to microbial establishment processes in plants along with future prospects, including agricultural benefits.

Chemical signaling involved in plant–microbe interactions

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the leading genetic diseases of children and infants. SMA is caused by deletions or mutations of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, cannot compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. While various regulatory elements that modulate SMN2 exon 7 splicing have been proposed, intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) has emerged as the most promising target thus far for antisense oligonucleotide-mediated splicing correction in SMA. Upon procuring exclusive license from the University of Massachussets Medical School in 2010, Ionis Pharmaceuticals (formerly ISIS Pharamaceuticals) began clinical development of Spinraza™ (synonyms: Nusinersen, IONIS-SMNRX, ISIS-SMNRX), an antisense drug based on ISS-N1 target. Spinraza™ showed very promising results at all steps of the clinical development and was approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 23, 2016. Spinraza™ is the first FDA-approved treatment for SMA and the first antisense drug to restore expression of a fully functional protein via splicing correction. The success of Spinraza™ underscores the potential of intronic sequences as promising therapeutic targets and sets the stage for further improvement of antisense drugs based on advanced oligonucleotide chemistries and delivery protocols.

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/tnsci.2017.8.issue-1/tnsci-2017-0001/tnsci-2017-0001.xml

ISS-N1 makes the First FDA-approved Drug for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Magnetic and electronic transport properties of perovskite manganite La0.6Er0.1Sr0.3MnO3 have been thoroughly examined through the measurements of magnetization, electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR), and resistivity. It was found that the substitution of Er3+ for La3+ ions introduced the chemical disorder and additional strain in this sample. An extra resonance signal occurred in EPR spectra at high temperatures well above T
 C
 gives a strong evidence of electronic phase separation(EPS). The analysis of resistivity enable us to identify the polaronic transport mechanism in the paramagnetic region. At low temperature, a new ferromagnetic interaction generates in the microdomains of Er3+-disorder causing the second increase of magnetization. However, the new ferromagnetic interaction does not improve but decreases electronic transport due to the enhancement of interface resistance among neighboring domains. In view of a really wide temperature region for the EPS existence, this sample provides an ideal platform to uncover the evolution law of different magnetic structures in perovskite manganites.

/pdf/evolution-of-the-intrinsic-electronic-phase-separation-in-la-57n3dtugmr.pdf

Evolution of the intrinsic electronic phase separation in La 0.6 Er 0.1 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 perovskite

Room-temperature large magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior in La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3

We report a detailed study of magnetic properties in manganite (La0.5Pr0.5)0.67Ca0.33MnO3. In contrast to the usual beliefs, it shows an abnormal upturn deviation from the Curie–Weiss law on the inverse susceptibility curve. Such a non-Griffiths-like phase is further confirmed from the inverse double integrated intensities of electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum. Because La
 $$^{3+}$$
 ions are substituted by Pr
 $$^{3+}$$
 ions with 50% concentrations, the ratio of three ions (La
 $$^{3+}$$
 , Pr
 $$^{3+}$$
 , Ca
 $$^{2+}$$
 ) is close to 1 on A-site sublattice. As a result, some short-range antiferromagnetic (CO AFM) phases come into being in the system due to the existence of localized charge ordering states. Therefore, the upturn deviation from Curie–Weiss law originates from the appearance of short-range CO AFM correlations above $$T_{\text{C}}$$
 . Additionally, a magnetic field-driven-metamagnetic transition is found, which gives a main contribution for the large magnetic entropy change (MEC) observed in this sample. Both the Arrott plot and the renormalized MEC curves testify that this transition belongs to first-order magnetic transition. The insignificant hysteresis loop indicate that the inevitable thermal hysteresis can be ignored in the present first-order material implying that it is a potential candidate for the cryogenic temperature magnetic refrigeration.

Short-range antiferromagnetic correlations and large magnetic entropy change in (La0.5Pr0.5)0.67Ca0.33MnO3

Coexistence of spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation mechanism in perovskite manganite (La0.5Pr0.5)0.67Ca0.33MnO3

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Papers

Evolution of the intrinsic electronic phase separation in La 0.6 Er 0.1 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 perovskite

Room-temperature large magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior in La0.6Dy0.1Sr0.3MnO3

Short-range antiferromagnetic correlations and large magnetic entropy change in (La0.5Pr0.5)0.67Ca0.33MnO3

Coexistence of spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation mechanism in perovskite manganite (La0.5Pr0.5)0.67Ca0.33MnO3