Due to the steadily increasing need for seafood and the plateauing output of fisheries, more fish need to be produced by aquaculture production. In parallel with the improvement of farming methods, elite food fish lines with superior traits for production must be generated by selection programs that utilize cutting-edge tools of genomics. The purpose of this review is to provide a historical overview and status report of a selection program performed on a catadromous predator, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) that can change its sex during its lifetime. We describe the practices of wet lab, farm and lab in detail by focusing onto the foundations and achievements of the program. In addition to the approaches used for selection, our review also provides an inventory of genetic/genomic platforms and technologies developed to (i) provide current and future support for the selection process; and (ii) improve our understanding of the biology of the species. Approaches used for the improvement of terrestrial farm animals are used as examples and references, as those processes are far ahead of the ones used in aquaculture and thus they might help those working on fish to select the best possible options and avoid potential pitfalls.

/pdf/toward-genome-based-selection-in-asian-seabass-what-can-we-5b46jvxl7b.pdf

Toward Genome-Based Selection in Asian Seabass: What Can We Learn From Other Food Fishes and Farm Animals?

In deep-formation drilling, effective filter loss control in ultrahigh-temperature conditions and high-salt conditions faces challenges. Comb polymer/LDH composites (P-LDH) with partially intercalated and partially exfoliated structures were prepared by in-situ polymerization as fluid loss materials. A series of characterization results showed that the P-LDH composites were successfully synthesized. P-LDH had partially intercalated and partially exfoliated structures and excellent thermal stability. In addition, the rheological evaluation results showed that P-LDH had a low viscosity effect while maintaining the rheological properties of the drilling fluid. P-LDH can significantly reduce the filtrate loss of drilling fluids at ultrahigh temperatures and high salt concentrations. At 240 °C and 15 wt% NaCl, the filtration loss was only 6.3 mL, and the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss was only 29.6 mL. Through the analysis of drilling fluid particle size and filter cake microstructure, based on hydrogen, ionic bonds, and intercalation effects, P-LDH acted closely with bentonite to promote stable dispersion, improve the drilling fluid’s stability, and form a dense filter cake to reduce the filtration loss. Therefore, P-LDH has broad application prospects in ultrahigh-temperature and high-salinity formation drilling. 

Comb polymer/layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite as an ultrahigh temperature filtration reducer for water-based drilling fluids

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have proved useful across a wide range of applications like medical technology, electronics, sulfur removal as well as microbial growth control. In the petroleum industry, ZnO nanostructures have been widely researched for application in Drilling Fluids. ZnO has been previously reported to work excellently in enhancing the electrical and thermal properties of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). However, the role of morphological features of the nanostructures in influencing the properties of bentonite-laden WBDFs is less understood. In this work, ZnO nanostructures were synthesized under microwave irradiation which resulted in different shapes like rods and flowers. The effect of microwave power and time was observed with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and a suitable synthesis criterion was selected for achieving the smallest complex ZnO nanoflowers. These nanoflowers were further characterized for functional group and structural identification. Bentonite/Polymer Nanofluids were prepared and tested for properties like rheology, API, and HPHT filtration before and after thermal aging at 150 °C. The results show ZnO nanoflowers in WBDFs have excellent filtration control ability with ∼56% reduction in HPHT filtrate volume and can impart a flat-line rheological profile. Also, the breaking of nanoflowers into smaller nanorods and some further textural changes is predicted to enhance the stability of the WBDFs due to better dispersion and compact mud cake formation. The study shows that the morphological features of metal oxide nanostructures can be controlled with microwave irradiation and play an effective role in controlling the properties of bentonite/polymer WBDFs. 

Microwave-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoflowers for improving the rheological and filtration performance of high-temperature water-based drilling fluids

Bead and necklace-like Silica-based Hybrid Materials for Controlling Montmorillonite Dispersion Filtration

Deep carbonate rock oil and gas reservoir is an important support for increasing oil and gas storage and production at present. The environment of ultradeep and ultrahigh-temperature reservoirs has put forward higher technical requirements for reservoir modification acid technology. Moreover, gelling acid is the main acid solution for high-temperature reservoir acidizing transformation, with a temperature resistance of no more than 180 °C, and the gelling agent is one of the key factors restricting its high-temperature resistance performance. In this paper, AM, AMPS, DMDAAC, and NVP were used as monomers, oxidants, and reducing agents to prepare a high-temperature-resistant polymer gel through polymerization. At the same time, microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization using epoxy resin as the wall material. The indoor performance evaluation results indicate that the gelling agent is easily soluble in high-concentration acid solution and has good viscosity increasing effect. At 180 °C and 170 s-1 shear rate, 0.8% mass fraction of the gelling agent was dissolved in 20% mass fraction of hydrochloric acid. After shearing for 60 min, the viscosity remained at about 22.45 mPa·s, demonstrating good temperature resistance and shear resistance, and its performance was superior to existing commonly used gelling agent products. 

Synthesis and Characterization of a Resin/Acrylamide-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane Sulfonate-Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone Polymer Microcapsule Gelling Agent for Oil and Gas Field Transformation

Aiming at the challenge that environmental protection and high-temperature fluid loss reduction performance of the traditional water-based drilling fluid treatment agent are difficult to balance, our studies added psyllium husk as a high-temperature-resistant and environmentally friendly filtrate reducer to a water-based drilling fluid. The composition, physical and chemical properties, and microstructure of psyllium husk are characterized. Then, the effects of psyllium husk after hot rolling at different temperatures on the rheological properties and fluid loss properties of bentonite-based slurry are evaluated. The results show that the psyllium husk added to the bentonite-based slurry can effectively improve the rheological properties and fluid loss properties of the bentonite-based slurry, and the temperature resistance can reach 160 °C. After hot rolling at 160 °C, adding 1 w/v % psyllium husk can reduce the API fluid loss and high-temperature and high-pressure fluid loss of the bentonite-based slurry by 76.04 and 56.91%, respectively, showing excellent fluid loss reduction performance at high temperatures. The branched structure and uronic acid of psyllium husk can inhibit the degradation of its own molecular structure to a certain extent, which is the fundamental reason why psyllium husk still has excellent fluid loss reduction performance at high temperatures. Psyllium husk is expected to replace some traditional synthetic polymers and be used in environmentally friendly high-temperature-resistant water-based drilling fluids.

Application of Psyllium Husk as a Friendly Filtrate Reducer for High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling Fluids

1Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China; 2BGI Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; 3Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; 4BGI Shenzhen Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Fisheries, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China; 5Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; 6Marine Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

China is initiating the Aquatic 10-100-1,000 Genomics Program

Correction to “Application of Psyllium Husk as a Friendly Filtrate Reducer for High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling Fluids”

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Application of Psyllium Husk as a Friendly Filtrate Reducer for High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling Fluids

China is initiating the Aquatic 10-100-1,000 Genomics Program

Correction to “Application of Psyllium Husk as a Friendly Filtrate Reducer for High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling Fluids”