/pdf/laser-spectroscopy-for-the-study-of-exotic-nuclei-e74lz4uc.pdf

Laser spectroscopy for the study of exotic nuclei

Bulk nuclear structure properties, such as radii and deformations, leave distinct signatures in the final state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Isobaric collisions offer an easy route to establish explicit connections between the colliding nuclei's structure and the observable outcomes. Here, we investigate the effects of nuclear skin thickness and nuclear deformations on the elliptic flow ($v_2$) and its fluctuations in high-energy $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr collisions. Our findings reveal that the difference in skin thickness between these isobars only influences the inherent ellipticity of the collision systems, $v_2^{\mathrm{rp}}$. In contrast, differences in nuclear deformations solely impact the fluctuations of $v_2$ around $v_2^{\mathrm{rp}}$. Hence, we have identified a data-driven method to disentangle the effects of nuclear skin and nuclear deformations, marking a significant step toward assessing the consistency of nuclear phenomena across energy scales.

Separating the Impact of Nuclear Skin and Nuclear Deformation in High-Energy Isobar Collisions

The microscopic origins and the current predictions of the proxy-SU(3) symmetry model of atomic nuclei were reviewed. Beginning with experimental evidence for the special roles played by nucleon pairs with maximal spatial overlap, the proxy-SU(3) approximation scheme is introduced; its validity is demonstrated through Nilsson model calculations and its connection to the spherical shell model. The major role played by the highest weight-irreducible representations of SU(3) in shaping up the nuclear properties is pointed out, resulting in parameter-free predictions of the collective variables β and γ for even–even nuclei in the explanation of the dominance of prolate over oblate shapes in the ground states of even–even nuclei, in the prediction of a shape/phase transition from prolate to oblate shapes below closed shells, and in the prediction of specific islands on the nuclear chart in which shape coexistence is confined. Further developments within the proxy-SU(3) scheme are outlined.

/pdf/the-proxy-su-3-symmetry-in-atomic-nuclei-1u0e3m5r.pdf

The Proxy-SU(3) Symmetry in Atomic Nuclei

Using covariant density functional theory with the DDME2 functional and labeling single-particle energy orbitals by Nilsson quantum numbers, a search for particle-hole (p-h) excitations connected to the appearance of shape coexistence is performed for Z = 38 to 84. Islands of shape coexistence are found near the magic numbers Z = 82 and Z = 50, restricted in regions around the relevant neutron midshells N = 104 and N = 66 respectively, in accordance to the well accepted p-h interpretation of shape coexistence in these regions, which we call neutron-induced shape coexistence, since the neutrons act as elevators creating holes in the proton orbitals. Similar but smaller islands of shape coexistence are found near N = 90 and N = 60, restricted in regions around the relevant proton midshells Z = 66 and Z = 39 respectively, related to p-h excitations across the 3-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator (3D-HO) magic numbers N = 112 and N = 70, which correspond to the beginning of the participation of the opposite parity orbitals 1 i 13 / 2 and 1 h 11 / 2 respectively to the onset of deformation. We call this case proton-induced shape coexistence, since the protons act as elevators creating holes in the neutron orbitals, thus oﬀering a possible microscopic mechanism for the appearance of shape coexistence in these regions. In the region around N = 40, Z = 40, an island is located on which both neutron p-h excitations and proton p-h excitations are present.

/pdf/islands-of-shape-coexistence-from-single-particle-spectra-in-3cwx858z.pdf

Islands of shape coexistence from single-particle spectra in covariant density functional theory

Microscopic origin of shape coexistence in the N=90, Z=64 region

/pdf/an-experimental-view-on-shape-coexistence-in-nuclei-3ia9nv9j.pdf

An experimental view on shape coexistence in nuclei

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An experimental view on shape coexistence in nuclei