Billions of sensors and devices are connecting to the Internet of Thing (IoT) and generating massive data which are benefit for smart network systems. However, low-cost, secure, and efficient data collection from billions of IoT devices in smart city is a huge challenge. Recruiting mobile vehicles (MVs) has been proved to be an effective data collection scheme. However, the previous approaches rarely considered the security. In this paper, a novel Baseline Data based Verifiable Trust Evaluation (BD-VTE) scheme is proposed to guarantee security at a low cost. BD-VTE scheme includes Verifiable Trust Evaluation (VTE) mechanism, Effectiveness-based Incentive (EI) mechanism, and Secondary Path Planning (SPP) strategy, which are respectively used for reliable trust evaluation, reasonable reward, and efficient path adjustment. Among them, an active trust verification mechanism is innovatively proposed in the VTE mechanism, which evaluates the trust of MVs by sending UAVs to perceive IoT devices data as baseline data. This is a fundamental change to the previous passive and unverifiable trust mechanism. The simulation results show that BD-VTE scheme reduces the cost by at least 25.12% ∼ 38.03%, improves the collection rate by 0.91% ∼ 9.65% and increases the accuracy by 10.28% on average compared with the previous strategies.

BD-VTE: A Novel Baseline Data Based Verifiable Trust Evaluation Scheme for Smart Network Systems

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the most promising technologies in wireless cellular networks that can be employed to improve spectral and energy efficiency, increase data rates, and reduce links latency. This paper investigates fifth generation and beyond (5GB) networks, the basics of D2D communication, applications, and classification. Herein, D2D in in-band (IBD) and out-band (OBD) modes are discussed. This paper also presents the integration of D2D communication with other prominent technologies and demonstrates the importance of integration with possible solutions in improving network performance. We further investigate the challenges of D2D communication, opportunities, and future research directions of D2D in 5GB networks. In addition, D2D communication in 6G network challenges and open research areas are introduced. 

Survey on Device to Device (D2D) Communication for 5GB/6G Networks: Concept, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

The fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly driven the development of mobile crowdsensing vehicular sensor network (CVSN). A lot of fascinating big data–based applications have been developed such as traffic management, health monitoring, and smart city. How to effectively collect enough data while not increasing too much redundancy is still a challenging problem in the big data application for CVSN. In this paper, a data relay mule–based collection scheme (DRMCS) is proposed to improve the quality of service (QoS). Comparing with the previous researches, the innovation of DRMCS is as follows: First, a data collection framework which considers the sensing task completion rate, redundancy rate and delay is proposed. Second, the micro mobile data center (MMDC) is proposed to solve the problem of connecting the huge number of intelligent sensing devices with data centre. Third, a MMDC selection strategy based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed by DRMCS to improve the data collection performance. Compared with traditional vehicular network opportunistic communication without data relay mule (OCDRM), the sensing task completion rate of DRMCS has been improved by 78.6%.

An intelligent big data collection technology based on micro mobile data centers for crowdsensing vehicular sensor network

The sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system is expected to meet the different service needs of modern communication scenarios. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) have received a lot of attention in recent years due to their potential as a novel structure for evolutionary networks. When compared to homogeneous networks, HetNets provide more potential for spatial spectrum reuse and higher quality of service (QoS). However, effective resource management (RM) solutions are essential to prevent interference and accomplish spectrum sharing due to mutual interference. This paper presents a comprehensive review of resource management in 6G HetNets. The study aims to give crucial background on HetNets to aid in the creation of more effective methods in this field of study. First, a detailed examination of recent work is presented in resource management aspects such as power allocation, user association, mode selection, and spectrum allocation. Second, we identify the most severe challenges associated with the current resource management methods and propose suitable solutions. Finally, several open issues and emerging areas of research are highlighted. 

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A Survey on Resource Management for 6G Heterogeneous Networks: Current Research, Future Trends, and Challenges

Summary With billions of sensor‐based devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), it is a pivotal issue to design an effective task scheduling scheme when the resource of sensor nodes is lim...

Q‐learning based flexible task scheduling in a global view for the Internet of Things

The mode selection and resource allocation are important issues in device-to-device (D2D) communication. There are very little research works considering the joint problem of base station selection and load balance of base station with mode selection and base station selection in multiple BSs cellular systems or heterogeneous cellular systems, which is a challenging issue. In this paper, the joint problem of D2D User Equipments (DUEs) mode selection, base station selection, channel allocation and power allocation is investigated. A mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation problem is formulated. The goal is to maximize the system energy efficiency. We consider the DUEs multiplex the cellular user uplink resource. Meanwhile, the total transmission power constraint of the DUEs, and the load balancing constraint of the BSs are considered. The formulated problem is NP problem, which is hard to solve. In order to solve the formulated problem effectively, a joint mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the system energy efficiency.

Energy Efficient D2D Mode Selection and Resource Allocation in Multiple Cellular Systems

The mode selection and resource allocation are important issues in Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, which have been investigated in single Base Station (BS) cellular network. However, the joint problem of the base station selection, mode selection and resource allocation is a challenging issue. Because the mode selection, base station and resource allocation are inter-coupled with each other. The joint problem of D2D User Equipments (DUEs) mode selection, base station selection, channel allocation and power allocation remains an open problem. In this paper, the scenario with multiple BSs in D2D heterogeneous networks is considered, and the joint problem of DUEs mode selection, base station selection, channel allocation and power allocation is studied. The objective is to maximize the system energy efficiency. We consider the DUEs multiplex the cellular user uplink resource. Meanwhile, the constraint of the total transmission power of the DUEs, and the constraint of the load balancing of the BSs are considered. The joint problem of mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation is formulated. The formulated problem is a non-convex mixed-integer optimization problem. In order to handle the formulated problem, a joint mode selection, base station selection and resource allocation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the system energy efficiency and obtain the desired target.

Energy Efficient Mode Selection, Base Station Selection and Resource Allocation Algorithm in D2D Heterogeneous Networks

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Energy Efficient D2D Mode Selection and Resource Allocation in Multiple Cellular Systems

Energy Efficient Mode Selection, Base Station Selection and Resource Allocation Algorithm in D2D Heterogeneous Networks