Many geotechnical engineering problems in the cold region, including cracking of pavements, damage to the foundations of structures, and fracture of pipelines are blamed due to the deformation and failure of frozen soils. In this study, cryogenic suction is used as one of the constitutive variables together with the solid-phase stress to model the joint influence of temperature and confining pressure on the constitutive behaviour of frozen soils. A nonlinear relationship is proposed to link cryogenic cohesion with cryogenic suction, to consider the strength increase due to the lowering of temperature. In the space of the solid-phase stress and cryogenic suction, loading-collapse yield surface, subloading surface, and unified hardening parameter are then integrated to produce a novel multisurface constitutive model for frozen soil. The proposed model can predict the mechanical behaviours such as softening/hardening and dilation/compression of frozen soil under various temperatures and stresses. Some special characteristics of frozen soil, including the deformation induced by ice segregation and softening related to pressure melting, can also be well explained by this model. The developed model is validated by using several triaxial compression test results of different frozen soils in the literature.

A multisurface elastoplastic model for frozen soil

Combined-loading elastoplastic constitutive model for a unified description of the mechanical behavior of the soil skeleton

The strain-softening and dilatancy behavior of soft rock is affected by the loading history and the development of structure. This study regards soft rock as a structured and overconsolidated soil and develops a new elastoplastic model based on the classical super yield surface Cam-clay model. The proposed model is capable of capturing the effect of yield surface shape on the mechanical behavior of soft rock by introducing a new yield function. The proposed model is validated against the triaxial test results on different types of soft rocks under drained condition. The comparison results indicate that the proposed model is suitable for describing the constitutive behavior of soft rock.

/pdf/an-extended-super-subloading-surface-model-for-soft-rock-14hldychjd.pdf

An extended super/subloading surface model for soft rock considering structure degradation.

The macroscopic and microscopic mechanical characteristics of subgrade soil in cold regions play an important role in the stability of embankment engineering in cold regions. In this study, we conduct triaxial tests and isotropic loading-unloading tests on frozen clay in the cold region subgrade. The tests are conducted under different temperatures and confining pressures to obtain its macroscopic strength and deformation characteristics. Meanwhile, we establish a discrete element model of frozen clay based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate conventional triaxial and isotropic loading-unloading tests, and analyze its mechanical characteristics from a microscopic perspective. The results of the study indicate that the strength and deformation of frozen clay are greatly affected by the cooling temperature and confining pressure. As the cooling temperature decreases, the cohesion of the specimen significantly increases, and the internal friction angle slightly increases, along with the elastic moduli. Under low confining pressure, the specimen exhibits significant volumetric expansion, while under high confining pressure, the specimen mainly undergoes volumetric contraction. Through discrete element numerical simulation, we obtain the microscopic mechanical characteristics of frozen clay, explain the "bulging" phenomenon of the specimen from a microscopic perspective, and verify the applicability of the flexible membrane. Meanwhile, the influence rules of various microscopic parameters on the mechanical properties of frozen clay are also obtained through a series of parameter calibration works. 

Multiscale mechanical analysis of Frozen Clay: Triaxial testing and discrete element modeling

An elastoplastic damage constitutive model for frozen soil based on the super/subloading yield surfaces

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An elastoplastic damage constitutive model for frozen soil based on the super/subloading yield surfaces