Carbons as low-platinum catalyst supports and non-noble catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Enabling high-efficiency ethanol oxidation on NiFe-LDH via deprotonation promotion and absorption inhibition

Low-density active sites, low-mass transfer rate, and poor stability of carbon-based catalytic materials from the pyrolysis of conventional metal-nitrogen complexes can hamper the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a composite structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets grafted with carbon nanotubes are synthesized by Zn-ZIF-L breaking and co-functionalized by coupling Fe2O3 nanoparticles with active Fe-Nx species to form an active ORR catalyst (D-FeNC/MOF). Under the synergetic effect of high-density active sites and multi-size pore distribution, the diffusion resistance of oxygen in the pores can be decreased to facilitate the transfer of reactants and products, and the improvement of ORR efficiency. Comparing to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, the d-FeNC/MOF has exhibited a more positive half-wave potential of 0.875 V (vs. RHE) and a higher catalytic stability. Besides, the zinc-air battery assembled with d-FeNC/MOF as a cathode catalyst can also offer a maximum power density of 170 mW cm−2 and a specific energy density of 842 Wh kg−1. This work can provide a new way for designing non-Pt catalysts for various electrochemical energy devices. 

Design of nanosheet/nanotube composites of Fe, N-doped carbon for enhanced oxygen reduction in zinc-air batteries

Spherical mesoporous Fe–N–C catalyst for the air cathode of membrane-less direct formate fuel cells

Abstract The electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) is pivotal for the development of sustainable energy. The complete oxidation of alcohols has attracted extensive attention as a vital process in fuel cells. Moreover, as an alternative reaction to the oxygen evolution reaction, the selective oxidation of alcohols emerges as an effective means to lower the energy expenditure associated with electrolytic hydrogen production while yielding high‐value products. Nonprecious metal materials have been widely applied in the selective oxidation catalysis of alcohols due to their cost‐effectiveness and excellent durability. In recent years, leveraging the advantages of nonprecious metal materials in electrocatalytic AOR, researchers have delved into catalytic mechanisms and various efficient catalysts have been fabricated and evaluated. This review provides an overview of the current advancements in the electrocatalytic selective oxidation of diverse alcohols and the catalytic systems centered around nonprecious metal materials. It systematically summarizes the shared traits and distinctions in catalytic reaction characteristics across various systems, thereby laying the theoretical foundation for developing novel catalyst systems that are efficient, stable, and highly selective. This review will facilitate the utilization of nonprecious metal catalysts further toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols. 

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction on Precious‐Metal‐Free catalysts: Mechanism, activity, and selectivity

The high dependence of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction on precious Pt catalysts hinders the large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, while the most promising alternative FeNC catalyst cannot achieve satisfying fuel cell performance yet. By considering the different requirements of atomically dispersed FeNC catalyst on the mass-transfer structure from that of nanoparticle Pt-based catalysts, this work develops a "porogen-in-resin" strategy to approach the Fe, N-doped interconnected porous carbon sheet (ip-FeNCS) catalyst. Three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous structure and two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet morphology are therefore facilely combined in ip-FeNCS to simultaneously achieve the requirements on the transfer of reactants and accessibility of FeN active sites. Not only great ORR activity can be achieved under both alkaline and acid conditions but also the ip-FeNCS catalyst shows superb activity in practical PEM fuel cells from the high power output to 413 mW/cm2. Such fuel cell performance places this ip-FeNCS catalyst among the best FeNC ORR catalysts reported thus far. This work presents a general and facile approach toward the mass-transfer structure engineering of atomically dispersed carbon catalysts for practical PEM fuel cell applications.

Porogen-in-Resin-Induced Fe, N-Doped Interconnected Porous Carbon Sheets as Cathode Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

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Porogen-in-Resin-Induced Fe, N-Doped Interconnected Porous Carbon Sheets as Cathode Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.