The effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined. The study includes both steady state and transient performance. An expression for the steady state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of adaptive arrays, taking into account the mutual coupling between the array elements, is derived. The expression is used to assess the steady state performance of adaptive arrays. The transient response is studied by computing the eigenvalues associated with the signal covariance matrix. The steering vector required to maximize the output SINR of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays in the presence of mutual coupling is also given.

Effects of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays

The objective of this paper is to use the recently proposed galaxy-based search optimization algorithm to enhance the capacity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system with rectangular arrays at both communication ends (transmitter and receiver). This new optimization tool has been recently introduced and is a metaheuristic technique inspired by the dynamics of galactic arm spirals. It is characterized by its robustness, immunity to local optima trapping, relative fast convergence and ease of implementation. The idea is to extend the results obtained for the one-dimensional array geometry to the two-dimensional case. The purpose is to find out which array geometrical dimensions produce the highest capacity value. Compared to the linear array case, promising capacity values are found using the two-dimensional arrays which suggests their deployment in future MIMO communication systems.

Application of a Galaxy-Based Search Algorithm to MIMO System Capacity Optimization

The letter quantifies the performance losses due to correlations in a V-BLAST successive interference canceling (SIC) zero-forcing receiver (ZFR) with the analytical upper bound of the average probability of error, which is presented as a function of the diagonal element of the inverse transmit correlation matrix. The correlations at both ends are converted into those at the transmit end, which shows the losses essentially reduce the effective signal-to-noise ratios of the data substreams. The simulations validate the performance losses.

Performance losses in V-BLAST due to correlation

The purpose of this paper is to use a hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm to optimize the capacity of MIMO systems with different linear array geometrical configurations at both communication ends (Transmitter and Receiver). The method combines the traditional genetic algorithm, known to have a powerful global exploration capability, and the Taguchi method, which can exploit the optimum offspring and thus, enhance the genetic algorithm. The idea is to use the spatial channel model where the effect of mutual coupling is considered. Each array geometrical configuration has its own contribution in the total channel matrix depending on its physical parameters. The end result is to find out which combination(s) produce the highest capacity value.

Capacity Optimization of MIMO Wireless Communication Systems Using a Hybrid Genetic-Taguchi Algorithm

Both the interchannel coupling (CC) among multiple compact circuitry channels and the antenna polarization coupling (APC) due to angular deviation of antennas (ADA) in diversity systems cannot be neglected in practice. The effects of these two problems are considered in this paper. The investigation of the CC in a two-branch orthogonal polarization antenna diversity system is extended to the case of a general multibranch polarization antenna diversity system, and the CC is investigated together with APC by applying a network theory framework. Their effects on both the correlation and the mean power ratio among received signals are obtained. It is found that the effects of both kinds of couplings as well as that of the combining signal processing on the received signals can be considered as a series of weightings. Two equivalent relations among APC, CC, and ADA are developed. Such equivalences reveal insights into CC from the point of view of antennas and provide additional degree-of-freedom for system optimization to improve the diversity performance. Furthermore, two kinds of compensation techniques are also developed to mitigate the APC and CC, as well as to enhance the diversity performance. Finally, some numerical results are presented to validate the analyses.

/pdf/equivalent-relations-between-interchannel-coupling-and-3hma7dq2m5.pdf

Equivalent Relations Between Interchannel Coupling and Antenna Polarization Coupling in Polarization Diversity Systems

This paper derived the analytical expressions for both the mean received power of each antenna and the spatial correlation between antennas with mutual coupling. The effects of the coupling on mean power, spatial correlation and capacity of MIMO wireless channels were investigated. The conditions for the power balance and both the effect-free and decorrelation of the coupling are achieved, which shows the decorrelation is a tradeoff between mean DOAs and the pattern diversity due to mutual coupling.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9668/30550/01411482.pdf

Effect of mutual coupling on performance of MIMO wireless channels

The analytic expressions of spatial fading correlation for uniform circular arrays (UCA) in MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) channels with clustering scattering have been derived, and the spatial correlation with a power azimuth spectrum (PAS) of Laplacian distribution is evaluated.

Spatial fading correlation of circular antenna arrays with Laplacian PAS in MIMO channels

The paper derives the analytical upper bound of the average probability of error (APE) for a V-BLAST zero-forcing receiver (ZFR) in correlated Rayleigh channels. The APE is presented as a function of the diagonal element of the inverse transmit correlation matrix. The correlation at the receive antennas is converted to that at the transmit antennas, and the analogous impact is obtained. The bound demonstrates that the diversity order is determined by the difference between the numbers of transmit and receive antennas, and it shows that the correlation results in a decrease in effective SNR as well as a degeneration in APE. Simulations validate the analytical results.

Error probability analysis for V-BLAST in correlated Rayleigh channels

Orientation of receive and transmit antenna arrays is always omitted while researching the capacity of wireless channels. This paper investigates the effect on capacity of MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) wireless channels and obtains that the effect can not be neglected while either the angular spread being small, and that antenna arrays should be rotated to make the array's normal point to the mean direction of arrival or departure (DOA or DOD) to attain more capacity. Simulation results show that orientation of the array with smaller angular spread dominates the effect on MIMO channels capacity and that increasing angular spread diminishes, or even eliminates it.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9834/30995/01442094.pdf

Effect of array orientation on capacity of MIMO wireless channels

The paper presents a dynamic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scattering wireless channel model based on an outdoor MIMO scattering fading channel model. This dynamic model is used to analyze the effects of the mobility of both scatters and transceiver antennas on the spatial correlation and capacity of MIMO wireless channels. The analysis shows that the effects are determined both by the original positions of transceiver antennas and their velocity and by environments. The simulation results validate the performance of the channel model and show that there exists an optimum angular spread that forces spatial correlation, which decreases with increasing antenna spacing, and does not monotonously decrease with increasing angular spread, to reach minimum.

Dynamic MIMO scattering wireless channel model and performance

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