How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself withthe master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

The knowledge-creating company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at some of the factors that influence the transfer of tacit knowledge between two product development partners.Design/methodology/approach – Research involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data was based on 13 interviews with various individuals, representing three companies, charged with integrating external technology. The quantitative portion of the data was collected through an online survey. The survey was executed by soliciting responses from managers of 39 discreet projects involving various types of external technology integration, representing five different companies.Findings – The paper provides evidence that trust, early involvement, and due diligence influence the extent of meeting technology transfer expectations and tacit knowledge transfer expectations. It also finds that the subject of tacit knowledge transfer, content and process, is poorly understood. While managers and project leaders saw the val...

Tacit knowledge transfer and the knowledge disconnect

Sustainable strategic investment decision-making practices in UK companies: The influence of governance mechanisms on synergy between industry 4.0 and circular economy

\nPurpose\nThe purpose of this bibliometric and systematic literature review is to survey and evaluate key study’s in tacit knowledge (TK). Through analysing and synthesizing based on the antecedents, decisions, outcomes-theories, context and methods (ADO-TCM) framework, this paper highlights research gaps and avenues for future research. It is important to recognize the antecedents, results and theories in the available literature as it offers enough evidence for encouraging the significance of TK.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis research paper follows a bibliometric analysis and systematic approach in identifying, analyzing and synthesizing pertinent literature in TK. A total of 59 research studies were carefully and systematically reviewed with the help of NVivo12 and excel software to code and analyse.\n\n\nFindings\nWith the help of bibliometric analysis and framework-based systematic review, this research paper offers a retrospective view of the TCM framework in the amalgamation with ADO framework, bibliometric analysis and important themes of TK research.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nThis paper is different from existing reviews as the authors have to combine bibliometric analysis and framework-based systematic review approach to provide a more robust encapsulation of TK research. To the best of the knowledge, the present research is one of the first systematic reviews based on a framework relating to TK.\n

Tacit knowledge in organizations: bibliometrics and a framework-based systematic review of antecedents, outcomes, theories, methods and future directions

Heavy-duty mobile machines (HDMMs) are a wide range of machinery used in diverse and critical application areas which are currently facing several issues like skilled labor shortages, poor safety records, and harsh work environments. Consequently, efforts are underway to increase automation in HDMMs for increased productivity and safety, eventually transitioning to operator-less autonomous HDMMs to address skilled labor shortages. However, HDMMs are complex machines requiring continuous physical and cognitive inputs from human operators. Thus, developing autonomous HDMMs is a huge challenge, with current research and developments fragmented into several independent research domains. Furthermore, autonomous HDMM technologies are a stack of several technologies requiring a convergence of diverse competencies from the different domains. Through this study, we provide an overview of the HDMM industry and use the bounded rationality concept to propose multidisciplinary collaborations for new developments in autonomous HDMMs. Furthermore, we apply the transaction cost economics framework to highlight the conceptual challenges and implications of these collaborations. Therefore, we bring together several domains of the HDMM industry to introduce autonomous HDMMs as a general and unified approach. The collaborative challenges and potentials are mapped out between the following topics: mechanical systems, AI methods, software systems, sensors, connectivity, simulations and process optimization, business cases, organization theories, and finally, regulatory frameworks. In doing so, we highlight the need for new and multidisciplinary perspectives that should be considered by academic and industrial practitioners working on the development and deployment of autonomous HDMMs.

pdf/autonomous-heavy-duty-mobile-machinery-a-multidisciplinary-v8g7ufai9s.pdf

Autonomous Heavy-Duty Mobile Machinery: A Multidisciplinary Collaborative Challenge

This study aims to empirically investigate the role of contracts in tacit knowledge acquisition in research and development (R&D) alliances By combining the perspectives of sensemaking and transaction cost economics (TCE), this study proposes a model about the mechanisms through which shared goals and contract completeness jointly affect tacit knowledge acquisition,This study adopted a quantitative design and used the questionnaire survey method to collect data The authors finally collected data on 196 R&D alliance samples in China Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses,There is strong empirical support that contract completeness has a positive effect on shared goals and that shared goals have a positive effect on tacit knowledge acquisition Meanwhile, contract completeness weakens the positive effect of shared goals on tacit knowledge acquisition Therefore, this study reveals that contract completeness has an inverted U-shaped effect on tacit knowledge acquisition,The findings suggest that managers should consider both the psychological and rational effects of contract governance simultaneously, thus recognizing the importance of a moderate level of contract completeness for tacit knowledge acquisition in R&D alliances,This study enhances the current understanding of contract governance by integrating the sensemaking and TCE perspectives The findings provide a possible explanation of how contracts affect tacit knowledge acquisition in R&D alliances The authors expand the research on contract governance and alliance knowledge acquisition by revealing the inverted U-shaped relationship between contract governance and tacit knowledge acquisition

/pdf/how-does-contract-completeness-affect-tacit-knowledge-36lcskje2w.pdf

How does contract completeness affect tacit knowledge acquisition

Contract-based Knowledge Protection and Cooperation Performance: The Effects of Technological Turbulence and Legal System Completeness

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How does contract completeness affect tacit knowledge acquisition

Contract-based Knowledge Protection and Cooperation Performance: The Effects of Technological Turbulence and Legal System Completeness