Wet chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures was carried out with different solution pH values (9, 10 and 11) and sintering temperatures (300°C, 500°C, 700°C and 900°C). The effects of pH and sintering temperature on the structural and morphological properties of nanocrystalline HAp powders were presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to obtain the crystalline structure, chemical composition, morphology and particle size of the HAp powders. The TEM analysis is used in order to observe the rod- and flake-like HAp structures. XRD confirms the presence of both HAp hexagonal and monetite phases, although the monetite phase was less abundant in the resultant powders. Increase in pH reduced the monetite phase and enhanced Ca/P ratio from 1.7 to 1.83. Additionally, an increment in sintering temperature increased the crystallite size from 20 to 56 nm. The SEM analysis revealed the formation of semi-spherical and flake-like HAp structures with preferential flake morphology. An increase in pH and sintering temperature resulted in the growth and coalescence of crystals resulting in a porous capsular morphology. The FTIR analysis confirmed the reduction of carbonate stretching modes with an increase in pH and H-O-H antisymmetric stretching mode is eliminated for powders sintered at 900°C confirming the formation of stable and porous HAp powders.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.180962

Wet chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite flakes: effect of pH and sintering temperature on structural and morphological properties

Hydroxyapatite (HA or HAp) is one of the most preferred biomaterials, specifically for bone tissue engineering. HAp is available naturally and is also chemically synthesized. The properties, shape, size and crystalline structure and applications of HAp vary widely depending on the source and extraction methods used. In addition to conventional chemical approaches such as precipitation or sol-gel techniques, newer methods such as microwave synthesis and atomic-layer deposition provide an opportunity to generate HAp with desirable structure and properties. Various methods used for the synthesis of HAp have their own pros and cons. Hence, it is essential to understand the role of specific methods and conditions on the properties and structure of HAps in order to obtain HAp with properties suitable for specific applications. In addition to pure HAp, substantial efforts have been made to dope HAp with various minerals or bioentities to enhance their suitability for medical, environmental remediation and other approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the various chemical methods used to produce HAp, properties of the HAp produced and its potential applications. Particular focus of this paper is on the co-relation between properties and processes used to synthesis HAp. This review will enable readers to quickly understand the importance of synthesis methods and conditions on the properties of HAp and choose appropriate means to generate HAp with desired properties for specific applications.

A review on the synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications.

Transdermal delivery of insulin with bioceramic composite microneedles fabricated by gelatin and hydroxyapatite.

Hydroxyapatite-based adsorbents: Applications in sequestering heavy metals and dyes

Preparation of ROS active and photothermal responsive hydroxyapatite nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy

Controlled additive-free hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of uniform hydroxyapatite nanobelts

The invention relates to a piling method in coal yards based on coal petrography and genetic algorithm The technical scheme includes a first step of determining the random distribution ratio of reflection index of the vitrinoid group of coal piles in the coal yard, and determining the random distribution ratio of reflection index of the vitrinoid group of incoming coal, a second step of establishing a mathematical model for the fitness of piling in coal yards (i)Fitness(/i),a third step of using the genetic algorithm and mathematical model for fitness of piling in coal yards to seek for the optimal coal yard piling scheme, and a fourth step of using the mathematical model for fitness of piling in coal yards (i)Fitness(/i) to obtain the fitness of the optimal piling scheme according to the optimal piling scheme; if each overlap ratio in the fitness of the optimal piling scheme is >= 30%, the piling scheme can meet the production requirement; if certain overlap ratio in the fitness of the optimal piling scheme is < 30%, the third step shall be repeated Overlap ratio of the random distribution ratio of reflection index of the vitrinoid group of coal piles and incoming coal of the coal piles is taken as the mathematical model for fitness of piling in coal yards, which has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, and fast optimization

Piling method in coal yards based on coal petrography and genetic algorithm

The invention relates to a method for removing NOX in coke oven chimney waste gas through residual ammonium hydroxide of a coking plant According to the technical scheme, the method includes the steps that oxidizing agents and the purified residual ammonium hydroxide are mixed in a residual ammonium hydroxide tank, denitration reaction liquid obtained through mixing is fed from the upper portion of a first bubbling reactor among two bubbling reactors connected in parallel at the flow of 03 m /h to 15 m /h, and the coke oven chimney waste gas obtained after dust removing is introduced from the bottom of the first bubbling reactor at the speed of 04 m/s to 6 m/s; an oxidation absorption reaction is carried out to generate denitration waste liquid and denitration waste gas, and the denitration waste liquid is discharged from the lower portion of the first bubbling reactor; when the concentration of the NOX is lower than 150 mg/m , the denitration waste gas is discharged into atmosphere, and when the concentration of the NOX is higher than 150 mg/m , the denitration waste gas is introduced from the bottom of the first bubbling reactor again; 10Vol% to 30Vol% of the denitration waste liquid discharged from the lower portion is fed into an evaporating crystallizer to prepare nitrate, and the left denitration waste liquid is fed into the residual ammonium hydroxide tank to be recycled The method has the advantages of being low in operating cost, short in reaction time, mild in reaction condition, simple in technology and low in device investment cost

Method for removing NOX in coke oven chimney waste gas through residual ammonium hydroxide of coking plant

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Li Wang

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Controlled additive-free hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of uniform hydroxyapatite nanobelts

Piling method in coal yards based on coal petrography and genetic algorithm

Method for removing NOX in coke oven chimney waste gas through residual ammonium hydroxide of coking plant