Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder that harms both the reproductive as well as metabolic health of women. In addition, PCOS is a leading symptom of infertility in women. Nevertheless, PCOS-afflicted women who are fortunate enough to become pregnant unfortunately have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth, etc. Many people believe GDM disappears after childbirth, despite the fact that GDM is a warning symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to growing evidence, GDM complicates 40 % of PCOS pregnancies, suggesting that PCOS is a risk factor for GDM. Hence, PCOS is a lifelong disorder that can eventually lead to various long-term health complications, including chronic menstrual irregularity, infertility, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. Thus, it's an undeniable scientific fact that both PCOS and GDM are significantly associated with each other. However, most studies on the risk of GDM in PCOS patients are retrospective, hence inconclusive evidence exists as to whether PCOS per se is a risk factor for GDM or any other factor associated. Henceforth, we intend to get a better therapeutic perspective of the maternal health complications associated with PCOS and GDM. 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A novel therapeutic perspective.

Associations between dietary factors and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk are inconsistent. We evaluated existing meta-analyses based on prospective cohort studies or randomized controlled trials till March 2022. We determined methodological quality and evidence certainty by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. We recalculated pooled effect estimates risk ratio (RR), corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and between-study heterogeneity from the primary studies, except for dose-response analyses from which data were directly extracted and evaluated. We included 14 studies involving 27 dietary factors in this analysis. We did not observe high-certainty evidence. We found three pieces of moderate-certainty evidence for increased GDM risk: 80 g/d increments in potato consumption, high and 100 mg/d increments in cholesterol intake, high and 1.0 mg/d increments in heme iron intake; three pieces of moderate-certainty evidence for reduced GDM: myo-inositol supplement, vitamin D supplement >601 IU/d, probiotics intake >5 × 109 colony-forming units, compared with their corresponding control groups. In region-specific analysis, we found that western dietary pattern and animal meat consumption are associated with a high GDM risk in western countries, while vitamin D supplement >601 IU/d is associated with a low GDM risk in eastern countries. In meat-type analysis, we found that red meat and processed red meat consumptions are associated with high GDM risk, while poultry and fish consumption is not. In conclusion, due to the moderate-to-low certainty of evidence and the relatively large heterogeneity between studies, further high-quality investigations are needed. 

Dietary factors and gestational diabetes mellitus: An umbrella review

Additional file 1 of Development and feasibility of a theory-guided and evidence-based physical activity intervention in pregnant women with high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot clinical trial

Additional file 2 of Development and feasibility of a theory-guided and evidence-based physical activity intervention in pregnant women with high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot clinical trial

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical disorders in pregnancy. Evidence has demonstrated that moderate-intensity physical activity may reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. However, women at risk of GDM spend most of their time performing sedentary behaviors. Although researchers identified self-efficacy as a mediator to overcome physical activity barriers, exercise intervention during pregnancy based on self-efficacy theory has not been discussed so far. Furthermore, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of a physical exercise intervention on the incidence of GDM and other maternal or neonatal outcomes in women at higher risk for GDM.A single-center, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in a maternal-child health care center. A total of 244 pregnant women at high risk for GDM will be randomized into a study group receiving a self-efficacy-enhancing physical activity intervention or a control group receiving the usual care. The intervention will consist of four group sessions and everyday reminders by WeChat (Tencent, Shenzhen, China). The program will begin at approximately 13-14+6 gestational weeks and end at 36+6 gestational weeks. The primary outcomes will include the incidence of GDM, blood sugar values, and physical activity. The secondary outcomes will include physical activity self-efficacy, gestational weight gain, maternal outcomes, and neonatal outcomes.The findings of this research will contribute toward understanding the effects of a self-efficacy theory-oriented physical activity program on the incidence of GDM, blood sugar values, physical activity level, gestational weight gain, physical activity self-efficacy, maternal outcomes, and neonatal outcomes.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHiCTR) ChiCTR2200056355 . Registered on February 4, 2022. 

/pdf/a-self-efficacy-enhancing-physical-activity-intervention-in-lfunrs4m.pdf

A self-efficacy-enhancing physical activity intervention in women with high-risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Performance evaluation for knowledge management in organization is an important task under enterprise management. This paper designed a knowledge-based self-assessment system model based on Criteria for Performance Excellent framework established by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Firstly, the base framework and self-assessment scoring guidelines were introduced and explained. The paper also did requirement analysis for the system and explained the system function in details. Lastly, system process model and flowchart of primary function was designed.

Design of a Knowledge-Based Self-Assessment System for Enterprise Knowledge Management Evaluation

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A self-efficacy-enhancing physical activity intervention in women with high-risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Design of a Knowledge-Based Self-Assessment System for Enterprise Knowledge Management Evaluation