Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil.

Global climate change has resulted in changes to the earth's geological, ecological, and biological ecosystems, which pose a severe threat to the existence of human civilization and sustenance of agricultural productivity vis-a-vis food security. In the last several decades, climate change has been linked to erratic rainfall distribution patterns and large variations in diurnal temperatures, because of a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This, in turn, is thought to make world agricultural production systems more prone to failure. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component for the functioning of agro-ecosystems, and its presence is central to the concept of sustainable maintenance of soil health. Soil is the largest terrestrial carbon sink and contains 2- and 3-times more carbon than the carbon in the atmosphere and vegetation, respectively. Therefore, a meager change in soil carbon sequestration will have a drastic impact on the global carbon cycle and climate change. The SOC has different pools and fractions including total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (KMnO4-C), and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC). Each has a varying degree of decomposition rate and stability. Researchers have identified many ways to offset the effect of climate change through modification of carbon sequestration in the soil. Identification of location-specific, suitable land use and management practices is one of the options to mitigate the impact of the climate change. It can be done by re-balancing different carbon pools and emission fluxes. Labile organic carbon pools including MBC, POC, and KMnO4-C are the most sensitive indicators for assessing soil quality after the adoption of alternate land use and management practices. Information on soil aggregation and SOC stabilization helps for long-term sequestration of carbon in the soil. Here we review the progress of work on SOC dynamics in the major ecosystems of the world. The information should enrich understanding of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation strategies.

Soil organic carbon dynamics: Impact of land use changes and management practices: A review

Rare earth elements (REE) are a homogenous group of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table that are key to many modern industries including chemicals, consumer electronics, clean energy, transportation, health care, aviation, and defense. Moreover, in recent years, they have been used in agriculture. One of the consequences of their worldwide use is the possible increase of their levels in various environmental compartments. This review addresses major topics concerning the study of REE in the soil environment, with special attention to the latest research findings. The main sources of REE to soils, the contents of REE in soils worldwide, and relevant information on the effects of REE to plants were explored. Ecological and human health risk issues related to the presence of REE in soils were also discussed. Although several findings reported positive effects of REE on plant growth, many questions about their biological role remain unanswered. Therefore, studies concerning the actual mechanism of action of these elements on cellular and physiological processes should be further refined. Even more urgent is to unveil their chemical behavior in soils and the ecological and human health risks that might be associated with the widespread use of REE in our modern society.

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Rare Earth Elements in the Soil Environment

Effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on improving soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions, crop yield and water use efficiency in the Loess Plateau, China

Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China

Soil labile organic carbon fractions (LOCF) are valuable indicators of changes in soil quality and soil total organic carbon (TOC), and they are easily influenced by changes in soil management practice. To explore the sensitivity of LOCF and their enzymatic conversion under straw mulch for scientific management of crop straw use on the Chengdu plain, a straw mulch field experiment was conducted to observe the LOCF changes and explore their relationships with C-cycle enzymes during wheat growth. The treatments included no fertilizer or straw (Control), only mineral fertilizer (MF), 10% rice straw nitrogen (N) plus 90% fertilizer N (RS1), 20% rice straw N plus 80% fertilizer N (RS2), 30% rice straw N plus 70% fertilizer N (RS3), 100% rice straw (RS). The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under straw treatments in the 0–20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those of Control and MF treatments from the seedling stage, and showed significant differences among straw treatments from the tillering stage. Correspondingly, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and permanganate oxidized carbon (POXC) showed no obvious differences among straw treatments in most growth stages. Therefore, WSOC and MBC were the most sensitive indicators for assessing soil organic carbon (SOC) change under straw mulch. Moreover, stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that cellulase and β-glucosidase were significantly positive impact factors for LOCF in the two soil layers, while polyphenol oxidase had both positive and negative impacts on WSOC at different soil layers, and peroxidase was a negative factor for LOCF.

Dynamics of soil labile organic carbon fractions and C-cycle enzyme activities under straw mulch in Chengdu Plain

The invention discloses application of leucaena glauca in reparation of soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium Leucaena glauca seedlings belonging to cultivated leucaena glauca are directly transplanted into the soil polluted by cadmium heavy metal in the middle of May every year, wherein the seedlings are 6 to 9cm high, the row spacing is 20cm, the line spacing is 25cm, 22 seedlings are planted every square meter; before transplanting, base fertilizer, comprising 10 to 12kg of pure nitrogen, 7 to 8kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 8 to 9kg of potassium oxide, is applied per mu; and then the base fertilizer is covered with thin soil which is about 1cm thick; after the seedlings grow for 60 days, topdressing is carried out, to be specific, 3kg of pure nitrogen is applied per mu; in a plant cultivation stage, the water irrigation amount per mu is 6 to 8m ; and the leucaena glauca is harvested once or twice one year By using the enrichment characteristic of the leucaena glauca to cadmium, the soil polluted by cadmium can be repaired for a long time by the leucaena glauca; the root and secreted nitrogen-fixing bacteria of leucaena glauca also can be used for regulating water in soil and conserving nitrogen in the soil; diffusion of pollutants and water and soil loss can be prevented; and the fertility of the soil can be improved

Application of leucaena glauca in reparation of soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium

The invention relates to a domestic wastewater treatment technology and discloses an application of pennisetum Jujun grasses in purification of nitrogen and phosphor in domestic wastewater in constructed wetland The application method comprises the following steps of: directly transplanting cultured pennisetum Jujun grass seedlings with the heights of 28-30 cm into a high-nitrogen-phosphor domestic wastewater constructed wetland treatment system, wherein the row spacing is 60-100cm, and the line spacing is 80-120cm; after the Jujun grasses grow for 270-280 days, harvesting the overground parts of the Jujun grasses, cutting down stems by about 15cm, and reserving roots for spouting The Jujun grasses can be used for effectively utilizing nitrogen and phosphor so as to achieve the purpose of continuously purifying nitrogen and phosphor in wastewater

Application of Jujun grasses in purification of nitrogen and phosphor in domestic wastewater in constructed wetland

Eucalyptus tolerance mechanisms to lanthanum and cerium: subcellular distribution, antioxidant system and thiol pools.

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Dynamics of soil labile organic carbon fractions and C-cycle enzyme activities under straw mulch in Chengdu Plain

Application of leucaena glauca in reparation of soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium

Application of Jujun grasses in purification of nitrogen and phosphor in domestic wastewater in constructed wetland

Eucalyptus tolerance mechanisms to lanthanum and cerium: subcellular distribution, antioxidant system and thiol pools.