Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations—A Review

Increasing concerns on pesticide residues in different matrices have promoted the development of various analytical techniques. Benefiting from highly-specific recognition elements and diverse signal transduction technologies, optical lateral flow test strip (LFTS) biosensors have realized the ideal candidates. They integrated the high sensitivity and stability of optical monitoring and the unique simplicity, portability, low cost, and user-friendliness of LFTS assay. The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advances of optical LFTS biosensors to meet the market and social demand for pesticide detection. Therefore, this review first summarizes the architecture and detection principle of the emerging optical LFTS biosensors for single-target inspection and multiplexed detection of pesticides through the elaborate design of different proof-of-concept types. Then, from the perspective of the design strategies and practical requirements, the primary emphasis is concentrated on the recent advances of proposed optical LFTS biosensors for pesticide detection over the past five years. A special highlight was made on colorimetric, fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors through several representative state-of-the-art examples. Beside a comprehensive discussion of the advantages of these emerging optical LFTS biosensors in real application for pesticide monitoring, their potential limitations, together with current challenges and future trends are critically summarized. It is expected to afford a clear understanding and deep inspiration to researchers regarding the rapid development and practical application of more optical LFTS biosensors in analytical chemistry, food inspection, and environmental monitoring, etc.

Optical lateral flow test strip biosensors for pesticides: Recent advances and future trends

Background Immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) has become one of the most widely used rapid diagnostics platforms for the point-of-care testing of various contaminant residues in food. However, traditional gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based ICTSs suffer limited sensitivity ranged from ng/mL to μg/mL, thus severely hindering them from meeting the increasing demand for trace target detection. Scope and approach The use of novel nanomaterials with high signal strength to replace AuNPs as signal probes is considered as the most effective strategy to enhance the sensitivity of ICTS nanosensor. Among them, highly luminescent nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest in improving the detection performance of ICTS due to its advantages of visualization, quantitation, multiplexing, anti-jamming capability, and high sensitivity. Currently available nanomaterials include dye-based fluorescent nanomaterials, semiconductor quantum dots and its nanobeads, up-conversion nanoparticles, time-resolved fluorescence nanomaterials, aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials, noble metal nanoclusters, and magnetic fluorescent nanomaterials, and they have been successfully applied for detecting various hazardous substances, including pesticide and veterinary drug residues, food additives, mycotoxins, heavy metal ions, allergens, and microorganisms. In this review, thus we comprehensively summarize the application potentials and critical roles of such nanomaterials as signal reporters in current ICTS systems to ensure food safety. Key findings and conclusions A detailed classification of signal probes with emphasis on the inherent advantage, synthesis, signal amplification strategy, and further improvement of each luminescent nanomaterial was discussed and the state-of-the-art of commercial fluorescent ICTS kits and readers for food safety was summarized. Further improvement should focus on the design and development of high-quality luminescent nanomaterials, ultra-sensitive detection, multiplexing and multimode sensing, accurate quantification, and intelligent signal reading.

Ensuring food safety using fluorescent nanoparticles-based immunochromatographic test strips

The milk and dairy industries are some of the most profitable sectors in many countries. This business requires close control of product quality and continuous testing to ensure the safety of the consumers. The potential risk of contaminants or degradation products and undesirable chemicals necessitates the use of fast, reliable detection tools to make immediate production decisions. This review covers studies on the application of electrochemical methods to milk (i.e., voltammetric and amperometric) to quantify different analytes, as reported over the last 10 to 15 years. The review covers a wide range of analytes, including allergens, antioxidants, organic compounds, nitrogen- and aldehyde containing compounds, biochemicals, heavy metals, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, and endocrine disruptors. The review also examines pretreatment procedures applied to milk samples and the use of novel sensor materials. Final perspectives are provided on the future of cost-effective and easy-to-use electrochemical sensors and their advantages over conventional methods.

Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Milk.

Ultrasensitive and rapid colorimetric detection of paraquat via a high specific VHH nanobody.

Rapid, on-site, and sensitive detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk products by using time-resolved fluorescence microsphere test strip

Novel dual immunochromatographic test strip based on double antibodies and biotin-streptavidin system for simultaneous sensitive detection of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in milk

The invention discloses a zearalenone-vomitoxin double-channel immune quantitative test strip, and belongs to the technical field of immunoassay and rapid detection. A fluorescent probe is prepared bymarking fluorescent microspheres; a fluorescent microsphere-zearalenone monoclonal antibody, a fluorescent microsphere-vomitoxin monoclonal antibody and a fluorescent microsphere-goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody are included, and zearalenone artificial antigen, fluorescent microsphere artificial antigen and goat anti-mouse secondary antibody are sprayed on a nitrocellulose membrane to serve asa detection line T1, a detection line T2 and a quality control line C respectively to prepare the immunochromatographic test strip; and zearalenone and vomitoxin in the sample are analzyed simultaneously and quantitatively by reading the fluorescence value of the detection lines in a fluorescence immunoassay analyzer by means of a competitive immunoassay method. The method overcomes the defect that colloidal gold is not easy to store in the test strip technology, and the method for preparing the fluorescent probe is simple, efficient and high in sensitivity.

Zearalenone-vomitoxin double-channel immune quantitative test strip

Universal fluorescence nanoprobes to enhance the sensitivity of immunochromatographic assay for detection of 17β-estradiol in milk.

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of time-resolved immunoassay rapid detection, discloses a time-resolved immunoassay quantitative test strip for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk According to the invention, the aflatoxin M1 in a milk sample is quantitatively detected and analyzed in real time by reading a fluorescence value of a T line on a fluorescence quantitative immunoassay analyzer by using a competitive immunoassay method The invention also provides a method for sample pretreatment such as milk and dairy products detection by using the test strip to reduce the matrixeffect The method for detecting aflatoxin M1 by using the test strip is simple, rapid, stable, reliable and high in sensitivity and is suitable for screening and field monitoring of a large number ofsamples; and the test stripe has the broad commercial application prospects

Time-resolved immunoassay quantitative test strip for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk

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