<h2>Summary</h2> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn widespread attention owing to their structural diversity and multifunctionality. However, further practical applications of MOFs are limited by their powdered crystalline state. Compounding with self-supporting porous materials with good processibility can effectively fix the powdered MOFs. Wood is highly compatible with MOFs because of its natural multidimensional channel structure and excellent mechanical stability. MOF particles can be uniformly loaded onto the wood channel via physical adsorption, hydrogen bonding, or reacting with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the fibers. Ultimately, MOF@wood composites with new functions are synthesized, showing great potential in the direction of interdisciplinary research. This review summarizes the fabrication strategies and functional applications of representative MOF@wood composites and discusses their development prospects and potential advantages. In conclusion, it is expected to provide systematic research ideas for the future development of MOF@wood composites. 

When MOFs meet wood: From opportunities toward applications

Micro/macrostructure and multicomponent design of catalysts by MOF-derived strategy: Opportunities for the application of nanomaterials-based advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment.

Recent advances in wood-derived monolithic carbon materials: synthesis approaches, modification methods and environmental applications

Mechanical stability and multicycle durability are essential for emerging solid sorbents to maintain an efficient CO2 adsorption capacity and reduce cost. In this work, a strong foam-like composite is developed as a CO2 sorbent by the in situ growth of thermally stable and microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in a mesoporous cellulose template derived from balsa wood, which is delignified by using sodium chlorite and further functionalized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation. The surface carboxyl groups in the TEMPO-oxidized wood template (TO-wood) facilitate the coordination of the cellulose network with multivalent metal ions and thus enable the nucleation and in situ growth of MOFs including copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate [Cu3(BTC)2], zinc 2-methylimidazolate, and aluminum benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate. The TO-wood/Cu3(BTC)2 composite shows a high specific surface area of 471 m2 g-1 and a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.46 mmol g-1 at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. It also demonstrates high durability during the temperature swing cyclic CO2 adsorption/desorption test. In addition, the TO-wood/Cu3(BTC)2 composite is lightweight but exceptionally strong with a specific elastic modulus of 3034 kN m kg-1 and a specific yield strength of 68 kN m kg-1 under the compression test. The strong and durable TO-wood/MOF composites can potentially be used as a solid sorbent for CO2 capture, and their application can possibly be extended to environmental remediation, gas separation and purification, insulation, and catalysis.

Strong Foam-like Composites from Highly Mesoporous Wood and Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient CO2 Capture.

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon materials and their applications: A review.

3D monolithic reactor has shown great promise for varied heterogeneous catalysis reactions including water treatment, energy generation and storage, and clean fuel production. As a natural porous material, macroporous wood is regarded as an excellent support for inorganic catalyst due to its abundant polar functional groups and channels. On the other hand, a metal organic framework (MOF) has been widely used as heterogeneous catalyst due to its high specific surface area and large amount of microporosities. Combining macroporous wood and a microporous MOF is expected to produce a high-performance 3D reactor and is demonstrated here for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The carbonized MOF/wood reactor retains the original cellular structure with over 180 000 channels/cm2. When being decorated with hexagonal-shaped core-shell Co@C nanoparticles aggregates derived from Co-MOF, the MOF/wood reactor resembles a multi-cylinders reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Because of the unique combination of macro- and microporous hierarchical structure, the 3D MOF/wood reactor demonstrates exceptional performance under high gas hourly space velocity (81.2% CO conversion and 48.5% C5+ selectivity at 50 L·h-1·gcat-1 GHSV). This validates that MOF/wood can serve as a multi-cylinders and high-power reactor for catalytic reactions, which is expected to be applicable for environmental and energy applications.

Metal Organic Framework (MOF)/Wood Derived Multi-cylinders High-Power 3D Reactor

Bio-renewable lignin has been used as a precursor for the preparation of various carbon materials, such as carbon fibers, ordered mesoporous carbon and graphite carbon cages. Nevertheless, up to now, there are few studies about prepare graphene-like carbon nanosheets derived from lignin. In this study, we synthesized graphene-like carbon nanosheets, using lignin as the precursor, via one-step pyrolysis route. Fortunately, physical and chemical characterization results indicate that it has high pore volume and hierarchical pore with wrinkled sheet graphene structure. Furthermore, the capability of graphene-like carbon nanosheets was investigated as a catalyst support in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The results of catalytic evaluation show that Fe₂O₃/GCNs has excellent catalytic activity and the selectivity of lower olefins, compared with Fe₂O₃/AC.

Lignin-Derived Graphene-Like Carbon Nanosheets as an Efficient Catalyst Support for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis.

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Metal Organic Framework (MOF)/Wood Derived Multi-cylinders High-Power 3D Reactor

Lignin-Derived Graphene-Like Carbon Nanosheets as an Efficient Catalyst Support for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis.