Controlling macroscopic heat transfer with thermal metamaterials: Theory, experiment and application

Cellular ceramic structures (CCSs) have promising application perspectives in various fields. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), usually known as three-dimensional printing (3D printing), has been increasingly adopted to produce CCSs. Usually, the structural properties of additively manufactured cellular ceramic structures (AM-CCSs), i.e., lightweight characteristics, load-bearing capacity, toughness, unconventional properties, are traditionally investigated. Interestingly, AM technologies have a significant advantage in achieving the structure–function integration for CCSs. Functional properties, e.g., electromagnetic property, acoustic property, thermal property, of CCSs can be achieved during the structural design synchronously. In this review, firstly, the AM technologies for CCSs are comparatively introduced. Then, structural AM-CCSs are summarized. After that, structure–function integrated AM-CCSs are further introduced in detail. Finally, challenges and opportunities towards structure–function integrated AM-CCSs are forecasted. This review is believed to give some guidance for the research and development of CCSs. 

Additive manufacturing of cellular ceramic structures: from structure to structure-function integration

Metamaterials are featured by artificial composite structures with exotic properties, which process promising application potentials in various areas. However, the manufacturing of metamaterials faces great challenges due to the structural complexity, accuracy requirement, and small scale. Additive manufacturing (AM), as a layer-by-layer technique, shows intrinsic advantages in the fabrication of metamaterials. This paper extensively reviews the current state on how and to what extent AM techniques are adopted for metamaterials fabrication, in which the metamaterials are mainly classified into mechanical, acoustic and electromagnetic types. More importantly, the challenges and research opportunities are discussed for AM fabrication of metamaterials, with focus on high precision, multi-structural and multi-material, topology optimization, support structure, anisotropy and heterogeneity, residual stresses and application realization. It is expected that with further innovative solutions being developed to bridge the research gaps, the industries will become more confident to adopt metamaterials in devices and systems for critical applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab2eb6/pdf

Perspective of additive manufacturing for metamaterials development

http://www.physics.fudan.edu.cn/tps/people/jphuang/Mypapers/IJHMT-1.pdf

Thermally hiding an object inside a cloak with feeling

It is crucially important to focus conductive heat in an efficient way, which has received much attention in energy science (say, solar cells), but is still far from being satisfactory due to the diffusive (divergent) nature of the heat. By developing a theory with hybrid transformations (rotation and stretch-compression), here we provide theoretical and experimental evidences for a type of thermal metamaterial called thermal converger. The converger is capable of convergently conducting heat in contrast to the known divergent behavior of heat diffusion, thus yielding a large heating region with high temperatures close to the heat source (high efficiency). The thermal converger further allows us to design a thermal grating—a thermal counterpart of optical grating. This work has relevance to heat focus with high efficiency, and it offers guidance both for efficient heat transfer and for designing thermal-converger-like metamaterials in other fields, such as electrics/magnetics, electromagnetics/optics, aco...

Thermal metamaterial for convergent transfer of conductive heat with high efficiency

A square-shaped heat flux cloak and a square-shaped heat flux concentrator have been designed theoretically according to the invariance symmetry of steady state thermal conductive equation. The direction of heat flux in these devices can be modulated as desired. Using the method of coordinate transformation, the inhomogeneous and anisotropic thermal conductivity in the transformation region have been acquired. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were performed to confirm the theoretical results.

Design of square-shaped heat flux cloaks and concentrators using method of coordinate transformation

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Design of square-shaped heat flux cloaks and concentrators using method of coordinate transformation