DNA-functionalized layered two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides have attracted tremendous interest for constructing biosensors in recent years. In this work, we report diblock molecular beacons with poly-cytosine (polyC) tails anchored on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets as probes for microRNA detection. The polyC block is adsorbed on MoS2 and the molecular beacon block is available for hybridization to the target; duplex-specific nuclease provides signal amplification by target recycling. By changing the length of polyC, we regulate the density of probes on MoS2 and inhibit the adsorption of enzyme-cleaved oligonucleotides, thereby leading to higher quenching efficiency. PolyC-mediated molecular beacons on MoS2 have very low background signal, ultrahigh sensitivity (limit of detection ∼3.4 fM), specificity to detect a single nucleotide mismatch, and selectivity to detect target microRNA from serum samples. This detection platform holds great potential for quantitative analysis of miRNAs in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.

Affinity-Modulated Molecular Beacons on MoS2 Nanosheets for MicroRNA Detection.

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1016/0014-5793%2889%2980593-9

The membranes of cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant regulatory roles in physiologic and pathologic processes and are considered as important biomarkers for disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Simple, fast, sensitive, and selective detection of miRNAs, however, is challenged by their short length, low abundance, susceptibility to degradation, and homogenous sequence. Here, we report a novel design of nanoprobes for highly sensitive and selective detection of miRNAs based on MoS2-loaded molecular beacons (MBs) and duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-mediated signal amplification (DSNMSA). We show that MoS2 nanosheets not only exhibit high affinity toward MBs but also act as an efficient quencher for absorbed MBs. The strong fluorescence-quenching ability of MoS2 in combination with cyclic DSNMSA contributes to the superior sensitivity of our method, with a limit of detection 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of traditional hybridization methods. Moreover, the nanoprobes also show high selectivity for discriminating homoge...

MoS2 Nanoprobe for MicroRNA Quantification Based on Duplex-Specific Nuclease Signal Amplification.

Gastric cancer remains a disease of high mortality worldwide due to its poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer. To realize sensitive detection of related miRNAs for improved early diagnosis, classification, and survival prognosis of gastric cancer, herein we developed a framework nucleic acid (FNA)-mediated microarray for quantitative analysis of multiple miRNAs. By rationally designing FNA with different sizes, we systematically modulated the surface density and lateral interactions of DNA probes, which provides an effective means for programmable tailoring of the hybridization efficiency and kinetics of the biosensing interface. We found that the hybridization efficiency was increased along with the size of the FNA and was optimum for FNA-17. In combination with the hybridization chain reaction amplification strategy, this established FNA microarray can serve as an ultrasensitive and selective analytical platform...

Framework Nucleic Acid-Mediated Pull-Down MicroRNA Detection with Hybridization Chain Reaction Amplification

With the advent of DNA nanotechnology, nucleic acids have been used building blocks for constructing various DNA nanostructures. As classical and simple DNA nanostructures, framework nucleic acids (FNAs) have attracted enormous attention in the field of biosensing. The sequence-specific self-assembly properties and high programmability of nucleic acids allow FNAs to be incorporated in advanced probe design. In addition, FNAs enable the engineering of surfaces for biosensing (e. g., probe orientation, probe spacing), thereby improving the accessibility of target molecules to the probes arranged on heterogeneous surfaces. Moreover, FNAs offer a universal and promising platform for sensing cellular molecules because of their prominent biocompatibility and cellular permeability. Herein recent advances in FNA-based biosensors are summarized, including electrochemical detection, optical detection, and intracellular sensing. It is hoped that this review will provide guidelines for the design and construction of FNA scaffold-based biosensors.

Rational Design of Framework Nucleic Acids for Bioanalytical Applications

Microphysiological systems (MPS) as a promising alternative can recapitulate the structure and function of native tissues in vitro , accelerating drug development and toxicity screening. DNA mediated self- assembly may encourages cell to communicate with one another and differentiates cells self-assemble into the desired microphysiological structure. Extensive studies have been conducted to construct DNA-mediated self-assembled DNA-lipid hybrid systems by integrating DNA with lipid for achieving multicellular MPS. Realization of multicellular MPS also is allowed to study physicochemical and physiological features of membrane assemblies. In addition, these arti cial DNA-lipid hybrid systems show wide applications in drug delivery, synthetic biology, and chemical process control. Herein, we present a critical review on lipid-DNA hybrid systems. After briefly introducing biophysical and biochemical characteristics of membranes, we highlight representative approaches to interact DNA with membranes, including electrostatic interactions, membrane anchors, and membrane-bound proteins. Then, we discuss the properties of DNA-functionalized membrane and factors for membrane-anchored DNA, followed by overview on applications of lipid-DNA hybrid systems in recent years. Finally, considering the great potential presented by this system, we provide insight into the outlook and challenges for future developments.

DNA mediated self-assembly of multicellular microtissues

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological molecule detection, and particularly relates to a hyperbranched nanostructure-based surface-enhanced raman biological molecule detection method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, assembling a layer of DNA stent molecules and raman small molecules (I) on the surface of a small-particle-size nano metal ball; then generating a metal ball shell which has a certain thickness and is provided with a branch on the surface of a metal ball kernel by taking the DNA stent molecules as a template; finally, modifying the surface of the metal ball shell with raman small molecules (II) and corresponding probe molecules. Under the specificity binding action of an object to be detected and the probe molecules, nano particles of hyperbranched nanostructures are dragged to be gathered, and raman signals of two raman small molecules are detected; an internal standard method and a ratio method are cooperated to realize quantitative specificity detection of the object to be detected. The hyperbranched nanostructure-based surface-enhanced raman biological molecule detection method is easy to operate, quick and sensitive, can realize ultra-sensitive quantitative specificity detection of biological molecules, can be widely applied to the field of food safety detection, medical diagnosis, forensic examination and the like, and has important application prospect and development value.

Hyperbranched nanostructure-based surface-enhanced raman biological molecule detection method

The invention discloses a gel dressing based on G-quadruplex/collagen and a preparation method of the gel dressing. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding guanine nucleoside, boric acid and potassium hydroxide to deionized water according to the proportion of the guanine nucleoside, to the boric acid to the potassium hydroxide being (1-3):1:1 and performing heating to 90-98 DEG C to obtain a G-quadruplex solution; cooling the G-quadruplex solution to 35-40 DEG C, adding collagen to disperse the solution till the concentration of the collagen in the solution is 2-10mg/mL, and performing cooling to room temperature so as to obtain the gel dressing based on G-quadruplex/collagen. The preparation method has the advantages of simple reaction conditions, few synthesis steps, short time and low production cost. When being used for wound healing, the gel dressing has good biocompatibility, good air permeability, strong adhesion properties, and high water content, and maintains humid environment, so that the wound is not liable to scab. The gel dressing disclosed by the invention does not contain any irritating ingredients, and is free from toxic and side effects. The gel dressing is used for accelerating wound healing and has a potential application value.

Gel dressing based on G-quadruplex/collagen, as well as preparation and application of gel dressing

The invention discloses a mesoporous silica-based nano-drug delivery system capable of regulating drug release and a construction method of the mesoporous silica-based nano-drug delivery system, and the construction method comprises the following steps: adding carboxylated DNA (SI), EDC and NHS into PBS for incubation to obtain carboxyl-activated SI; then, adding aminated mesoporous silica (MSNP)for incubation, and obtaining SI bound MSNP (MSNP-SI); then adding SM1 and SM2K, and carrying out incubation so as to obtain linearly polymerized MSNP; finally, adding SM3 and SM4 for incubation, andobtaining DNA wrapped MSNP. The construction method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient, rich in raw material source and low in production cost. The drug delivery system is used for cancer treatment, shows excellent biocompatibility, avoids the problems of drug leakage, biotoxicity and the like, enhances the drug delivery efficiency, increases the cellular uptake rate, regulates and controls the accurate release of drugs, and realizes the accurate treatment of cancer. The drug delivery system disclosed by the invention does not contain any irritant component, does not have toxic or side effect, and has potential application value in the aspect of cancer treatment.

Mesoporous silica-based nano-drug delivery system capable of regulating drug release as well as construction and application of nano-drug delivery system

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DNA mediated self-assembly of multicellular microtissues

Hyperbranched nanostructure-based surface-enhanced raman biological molecule detection method

Gel dressing based on G-quadruplex/collagen, as well as preparation and application of gel dressing

Mesoporous silica-based nano-drug delivery system capable of regulating drug release as well as construction and application of nano-drug delivery system