Modeling crowd evacuation of a building based on seven methodological approaches

1 Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat zu Koln, 50937 Koln, Germany as@thp.uni-koeln.de 2 Interdisziplinares Zentrum fur komplexe Systeme, 53117 Bonn, Germany 3 Institute for Building Material Technology and Fire Safety Science, University of Wuppertal, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany 4 TraffGo HT GmbH, Bismarckstr. 142 , 47057 Duisburg, Germany 5 PTV AG, Stumpfstr. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 6 Julich Supercomputing Centre, Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany

/pdf/evacuation-dynamics-empirical-results-modeling-and-2yuyfb8jl9.pdf

Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications

A bidimensional cellular automaton model is used to simulate the process of evacuation of pedestrians in a room with fixed obstacles. A floor field is defined so that moving to a cell with lower floor field means approaching an exit door. The model becomes non-deterministic by introducing a “panic” parameter, given by a probability of not moving, and by a random choice to resolve conflicts in the update of pedestrian positions. Two types of exit doors are considered: single (where only one person can pass) and double (two persons can pass simultaneously). For a double door, the longest evacuation time turns out to occur for a very traditional location of the door. The optimum door position is determined. Replacing the double door by two single doors does not improve evacuation times noticeably. On the other hand, for a room without obstacles, a simple scaling law is proposed to model the dependence of evacuation time with the number of persons and exit width. This model fails when obstacles are present, as their presence introduces local bottlenecks whose effect outweighs the benefits of increasing door width beyond a certain threshold.

/pdf/cellular-automaton-model-for-evacuation-process-with-2l43vh1z10.pdf

Cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles

A dynamic cellular automaton model for evacuation process with obstacles

Modeling framework for optimal evacuation of large-scale crowded pedestrian facilities

The pedestrian movement is more complex than vehicular flow for the reason that people are more flexible and intelligent than cars. Without the limit of "lanes" pedestrian movement is loose and free. Furthermore, they are easily affected by other walkers as well as the environment around. In this paper, a special technique is introduced considering human behavior to make the rules more reasonable. By simulating the two-dimension pedestrian movement in corridor, the phase transition phenomena of pedestrian movement, including the walkers moving bottom-up and top-down, are presented. Studying on the effect of possibility of exchange position between face-to-face pedestrians propose that the considerable exchange possibility is about 0.20 in the scope studied in this paper. Language: en

Simulation of bi-direction pedestrian movement in corridor

A two-dimensional Cellular Automata model is proposed to simulate the exit dynamics of occupant evacuation. Concerning the exit width and the door separation, we put forward some useful standpoints: (1) exit width should be bigger than a critical value, and the door separation should be neither too small nor too big; (2) for single-exit door, with the increase of exit width, the flux per unit width will decrease but the total flux will always increase; (3) the total flux of the exit is an increasing nonlinear function of the exit width; (4) the optimal value of the door separation does not vary with the value of exit width; (5) the layout of exits should be symmetry. Those results are helpful in performance-based design of building.

Exit dynamics of occupant evacuation in an emergency

The uncertainty of the secondary fire disaster occurrence of structure buildings following an earthquake is discussed,and a post-earthquake fire spreading probability model is developed based on cellular automata.The probability of ignition is related with the characters of the buildings and disaster's conditions,such as the material of the buildings,whether the outer wall with openings,the distance from the burning cell,the destruction of the buildings and the weather condition.The model can simulate the process of urban fire spread conveniently.The fire spreading process has been reproduced successfully by our model.The reproduction of fire process not only improves the people's cognition,but also provides the certain basis for city planning and fire control.

Probability Model of Urban District Fire Spread Based on Cellular Automata

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Simulation of bi-direction pedestrian movement in corridor

Exit dynamics of occupant evacuation in an emergency

Probability Model of Urban District Fire Spread Based on Cellular Automata