In the newest video coding standard of H.264, intra frame prediction is conducted in the spatial domain. There are two types of intra prediction for luma - Intra/spl I.bar/16/spl times/16 does prediction for the whole 16/spl times/16 luma macroblock and Intra/spl I.bar/4/spl times/4 does prediction for 4/spl times/4 block. Four and nine modes are supported by Intra/spl I.bar/16/spl times/16 and Intra/spl I.bar/4/spl times/4, respectively. The full search algorithm is used in the JVT reference software to choose the best modes, however it is very computationally expensive. In this paper, a new fast intra prediction algorithm using macroblock properties (FIPAMP) is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed fast algorithm can achieve 10% to 40% computation reduction while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate performance of H.264 codes.

A fast H.264 intra prediction algorithm using macroblock properties

In this paper, we propose a parallel algorithm for H.264/AVC intra frame encoding by using the graphics processing unit (GPU). The proposed algorithm can handle 4×4 intra block prediction and reconstruction. By rearranging the encoding order of 4×4 blocks and modifying the architecture of H.264/AVC encoder, thirty times speed up can be achieved which utilizing the computing power of GPU without any loss in coding efficiency.

Intra frame encoding using programmable graphics hardware

The intra-frame coding in H.264/AVC has made significant contribution to the enhancement of coding efficiency. However it brings about a heavy computation burden in the rate distortion based (RD) mode decision (MD) process. Although the real-time encoding of 1280-720p signals is realized in recent works with existing algorithms, for higher resolution e.g. 1920-1088p some hardware-oriented fast algorithms are necessary. Yet so far few of the many proposed fast MD algorithms have seen successful hardware implementation. This paper presents a novel VLSI design (15.8k gates@200MHz, with TSMC CMOS 0.18μm technology) of an edge based fast intra MD algorithm which can constantly reduce about 66% of the RD related computation with a negligible quality loss. It is expected to be utilized as a favorable accelerator hardware module in a real-time HDTV (1920-1088p) H.264 encoder or MPEG2-H.264 transcoder.

A VLSI architecture design of an edge based fast intra prediction mode decision algorithm for h.264/avc

In H.264/AVC intra frame coding, the rate-distortion optimization is employed to select the optimal coding mode to achieve the minimum rate-distortion cost. Due to a large number of combinations of coding modes, the computational burden becomes extremely high in intra prediction, hi this paper, we propose a fast, efficient but reliable vector based detection algorithm for H.264 intra frame coding system. The proposed algorithm effectively estimates the edge direction inside the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce the RDO calculations. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the encoding time by about 60% with negligible coding loss.

A Simple and Robust Direction Detection Algorithm for Fast H.264 Intra Prediction

Summary H.264/AVC, the latest video standard, adopts rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique to obtain the best intra- and interprediction, while maximizing visual quality and minimizing the required bitrate. However, the full RD cost calculation for all intra-prediction modes, the exhaustive searches for finding optimal motion vectors for all block sizes, and the multiple references frame procedure considerably increase its computational complexity with the allowed number of prediction modes. In order to reduce the complexity, here we propose a new approach for both inter- and intra-mode decisions, that takes into account the two effective parameters, image content type and the quantization parameter. The proposed fast intra-prediction mode selection strategy uses some observations on the interior and the exterior MB properties to select a subset of candidate modes at different quantization parameters. Also, the fast inter-prediction mode decision approach uses split/merge procedure based on correlation of motion vectors and motion details of video objects. Also, here we use a context-based adaptive method to speed up the multiple reference frames motion estimation that is based on inter- and intra-prediction residues and quantization parameters. As such, only a subset of inter- and intra-modes is chosen for RDO calculation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, reduces the total encoding cost with negligible loss in PSNR and a slightly increase in the required bitrate, when compared to RDO and other fast algorithms reported in the literature.

http://ipl.ce.sharif.edu/Papers/Amoc07.pdf

Fast Intra- and Inter-Prediction Mode Decision in H.264 Advanced Video Coding

In order to maximize the coding performance, H.264 adopts RDO (rate distortion optimization) at the cost of a very high computational complexity. A special focus is spent on fast intra prediction mode selection in this paper. To reduce complexity associated with intra prediction mode selection, an efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction is proposed. First, the Pan's fast algorithm based on edge direction histogram is improved. Second, a new improved algorithm is joined together with a 4'4 intra prediction mode selection algorithm based on the feature of the reference pixels. Experimental results show that, compared with the H.264 encoder JM61, the proposed scheme reduces 58% coding time for I-frame while maintaining the PSNR and only increasing bit rate a little. Furthermore, compared with Pan's scheme based on edged direction histogram, the proposed scheme reduces 24% coding time for I-frame while maintaining similar PSNR and bit rate.

An efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction

Video sequences have the rich texture information in practical applications, which makes the extraction of the semantic objects of interest more difficult. This paper presents a video object extraction algorithm based on depth map for multi-view video coding in three-dimensional video system. First of all, gradient operators are used to roughly segment color image into flat and texture regions with threshold, so object contours are extracted, while The OTSU algorithm is used to distinguish backgrounds and foregrounds in the color image, which can fill the pixels of semantic objects. Then the corresponding depth map is processed to highlight the human vision interested regions. At the same time, inter-frame difference is taken into account, which joins the moving objects into foregrounds, and extracts the interested region with morphological operations. Finally, object of block level is obtained though combination of operators outlined above and block-process though threshold. Compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not adopt popular clustering scheme but joins the OTSU algorithm, thus it can effectively avoid lots of computational complexity which the clustering algorithm brings. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only extract accurately the semantic objects, but also reduce the computational complexity. Whether the objects are static or not, the proposed algorithm can get good efficient segmentation.

A Video Object Extraction Algorithm Based on Depth Map for Multi-view Video

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An efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction

A Video Object Extraction Algorithm Based on Depth Map for Multi-view Video