A grid-based GIS approach to flood submergence simulation and risk analysis was proposed using an integration of GIS, telemetering stage and high resolution remote sensing image (ALOS), in southeast plain of Yinzhou district. The digital elevation model (DEM) was created based on 1:10000 topographic maps and 1:5000 thematic maps, and several pre-processing methods, including depression filling, urban terrain and river network correction, were applied. After that, the “source flood” algorithm based on visiting every node of the stack, was adopted to simulate the scope and depth of the inundation with DEM and real-time stage data from the telemetry stations. Finally, flood risk was evaluated by taking the factors of flood submergence depth and hazard-affected body. The combination of the real time flood simulation and risk analysis provides an effective decision-making and disaster assessment for the study area.

Flood submergence simulation and risk analysis based on GIS in plain area

Estimation of inundation extent is critical for the flood control system. It helps decision-maker determine the scope of damage to save residents’ lives and property. In this paper, we analyzed the drawbacks of two kinds of methods of inundation estimation, hydrodynamic method and space-filling method, and divided inundation extent into water-body extent and water-invasion extent for the purpose of enhancing estimation accuracy. Based on Mathematical Morphology, an inundation estimation method suitable for flood mapping around natural and artificial lakes was put forward by integrating remote sensing (RS) data and digital elevation model (DEM) data. This method consists of three aspects, including the subdivision of water-body extent, the deduction of water-invasion extent which is viewed as the expansion of water-body extent, and the smoothing the boundaries of water-invasion extent. With subdividing DEM data horizontally into cross sections to build equiangular subsets, the expansion operation was implemented by structuring elements which were established based on set operations and scalar flexibilities. Thus, water-invasion extent was easily described by the structuring elements under given water volume, so that inundation extent was conveniently estimated by spatial data. The experiment results show that the method has the advantages of high accuracy and expressiveness and low time consumption. It had been used to analyze the inundation caused by the water conservancy project named Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Water Transfer Project in China. The method served as decision support for building an efficient emergency response mechanism and helped implement flood disaster forecast and simulation.

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Estimation Method of Inundation Extent Based on Mathematical Morphology

Urbanization is one of the most intensive processes of human activities which have changed the earth's surface, and is also one of the important factors influencing the hydrologic process. Base on the high resolution image and topographic map, this paper conducts a case study on the flood response to river system change under urbanization in a typical plain river network region of Fenghuajiang River basin. The result showed that the proportion of urban area was increased from 13.2% to 34.1% during the past 20 years, which was mainly gained from cropland and water bodies; the increase of impervious surface tended to produce more surface runoff, and also decrease the drainage density and water surface rates. The submerge simulation showed that the decreasing in storage capacity would cause higher stage and cause more serious risk especially for suburban region with lower elevation in all designed storm scenarios, and the response was most pronounced for a recurrence intervals equaling to 20 years. The research has rich theoretical research on stream structure in plain area, and provides decision-making and reference for flood management in the study area.

Impact of urbanization on stream structure and flood hazard in the plain river network region

This paper analyzes the basic principles of mathematical morphology and proposes a simulation method for the flood evolution process in storage and detention floodplains based on mathematical morphology (referred to as FRMM). The steps for flood simulation based on GIS are also provided. Finally, a typical case is used to simulate the typical flood evolution process, and the rationality of the method is analyzed by comparing it with historical flood records. The scope of application and precautions for using this method are also proposed.

Research on Flood Simulation in Flood Storage Areas based on Mathematical Morphology

Urban inundation due to anomalous storms is a serious problem for many cities worldwide. Therefore, it is important to accurately simulate urban hydrological processes and efficiently predict the potential risks of urban floods for the improvement of drainage designs and implementation of emergency actions. However, the complexity of urban landforms and the diversity of hydraulic infrastructure pose particular challenges for the simulation and risk assessment of urban drainage processes. This study developed a methodology to comprehensively simulate inundation processes by dynamically coupling 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models. By allowing the simultaneous solution of the processes of rainfall and runoff, urban drainage, and flooding, this method can be used to estimate the potential inundation risks of any designed drainage system. Furthermore, a Geographical Information System (GIS) based platform was fully integrated with the model engine to effectively illustrate the context of the problem. The developed model was then demonstrated on the Beijing 2008 Olympic Village under the conditions of the 5-year and 50-year design storms. The sewer discharge, channel discharge, and flood propagation (inundation initiation, extent, depths, and duration) were numerically validated and analyzed. The results identified the potential inundation risks. From the study, it is found that the coupled GIS and 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models have the potential to simulate urban inundation processes, and hence efficiently predict flood risks and support cost-effective drainage design and management. It also implies promising prospects about the wide availability of high quality digital data, GIS techniques, and well-developed monitoring infrastructure to develop online urban inundation forecasts.

Development of 1D and 2D coupled model to simulate urban inundation: An application to Beijing Olympic Village

The continuity of flooded region was analyzed by use of the expansion operator in mathematical morphology,and the discrete elevation data of flooded region were obtained by GIS lattice data.Based on the calculated result,the water depth distribution and flooded region were computed by the principle of volumetric method.

Study on flood submergence based on GIS and mathematical morphology

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Study on flood submergence based on GIS and mathematical morphology