Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide and chalcogenide (TMO&C)-based photocatalysts have recently attracted significant attention for addressing the current worldwide challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The ultrahigh surface area and unconventional physiochemical, electronic and optical properties of 2D TMO&Cs have been demonstrated to facilitate photocatalytic applications. This review provides a concise overview of properties, synthesis methods and applications of 2D TMO&C-based photocatalysts. Particular attention is paid on the emerging strategies to improve the abilities of light harvesting and photoinduced charge separation for enhancing photocatalytic performances, which include elemental doping, surface functionalization as well as heterojunctions with semiconducting and conductive materials. The future opportunities regarding the research pathways of 2D TMO&C-based photocatalysts are also presented.

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Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxide and Chalcogenide-Based Photocatalysts

A review on piezo-/ferro-electric properties of morphologically diverse ZnO nanostructures

Herein, a novel CuO–ZnO nanostructured p–n junction composite is prepared via the hydrothermal method. It is composed of a ZnO two dimensional (2-D) porous nanosheet assembly and leaf-like 2-D CuO nanoplates. Then, its gas sensing performance toward n-butanol is studied. The 2-D/2-D CuO–ZnO composite sensor shows 2.7 times higher sensitivity than that of pure ZnO at 220 °C. Moreover, its response to n-butanol is 3.5–84 times higher than those for other target gases. This reveals an excellent selectivity toward n-butanol. Its detection limit for n-butanol is calculated to be 0.4 ppm, indicating a potential advantage in low concentration detection. The significant enhancement of the composite's sensing performance can be firstly attributed to the p–n junction, which brings electronic sensitization for the composite sensor. Moreover, the porous structure and the open 2-D/2-D heterostructure also contribute to the sensing performance of the composite. These allow the gas molecules to diffuse rapidly, making chemisorption and surface reactions on the p–n junction more easy.

A CuO–ZnO nanostructured p–n junction sensor for enhanced N-butanol detection

Kadamba-flower like morphology of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) has been synthesized at room temperature by a wet chemical route without using any template or capping agent. Growth mechanism of these NCs has been proposed based on detailed structural and microstructural interpretations by analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns employing Rietveld refinement method and FESEM/HRTEM images. FESEM images clearly reveal that the flower like 3D morphology transforms gradually to thin layer like 2D network of ZnO nanorods (NRs) (petals) with increase in chemical reaction time. Chemical composition of these flowers has been obtained from the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. It is noticed that the John-Teller (JT) distortion in ZnO4 tetrahedron within the hexagonal ZnO lattice gradually diminishes to zero with increasing wet chemical reaction time and the hydroxyl group plays an important role during the growth of ZnO nanoflowers. Change in optical band gap of ZnO due to morphological transformation is ascertained from the UV-Vis spectrum analysis. PL spectrum reveals the content of excess oxygen in ZnO nanoflower which has also been estimated from Rietveld refinement of XRD data.

Structural, Optical Characterization and Growth Mechanism of Kadamba Flower like ZnO Nanocrystals Synthesized by a Simple Chemical Route.

The nanopowders of Mg-Al carbonate layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH) were prepared via coprecipitation process. ZnO nanoparticles were homogeneously coated on the ceramic MgAl-LDH surface. After calcination at 500 °C for 4 h, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the crystal structure and morphology, respectively. It was demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles were successfully prepared on ceramic MgAl-LDH support. The obtained nano-ZnO photocatalyst showed a high photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. The enhanced photocatalytic property can be attributed to both high photocatalytic activity of ZnO and good adsorption behavior of ceramic MgAl-LDH, in which the flaky structure of MgAl-LDH plays an important role.

Fast Photodegradation of Malachite Green using Nano-ZnO on Ceramic MgAl Carbonate Layered Double Hydroxides Support

Facile preparation of porous flower-like ZnO microspheres with excellent photocatalytic performance

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Facile preparation of porous flower-like ZnO microspheres with excellent photocatalytic performance