In a recent issue of Frontiers (2004; 2: 89-97), Robert Wayne and Phillip Morin provide a great service by outlining exciting advances and applications of molecular techniques in conservation genetics. Without wishing to detract from their valuable article, I would like to highlight an especially important emerging area related to molecular conservation genetics that is likely to be of inter? est to Frontiers readers. Disciplines Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Population Biology | Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Comments This article is from Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2 (2004): 234, doi: 10.2307/3868261. Posted with permission. Rights Copyright by the Ecological Society of America This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/eeob_ag_pubs/162 Molecular Conservation Genetics and Adaptation Author(s): Fredric J. Janzen Source: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jun., 2004), p. 234 Published by: Wiley Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3868261 Accessed: 20-07-2016 20:10 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Wiley is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment This content downloaded from 129.186.176.217 on Wed, 20 Jul 2016 20:10:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms WRITE BACK WRITE BACK WRITE BACK Molecular conservation genetics and adaptation In a recent issue of Frontiers (2004; 2: 89-97), Robert Wayne and Phillip Morin provide a great service by outlining exciting advances and appli? cations of molecular techniques in conservation genetics. Without wishing to detract from their valuable article, I would like to highlight an especially important emerging area related to molecular conservation genetics that is likely to be of inter? est to Frontiers readers. First, some brief background: adaptive processes in a microevolutionary context almost invariably require the trait(s) of interest to possess some level of additive genetic variance and be subject to natural or sexual selection. More formally, the cross-generational adaptive change (R) in a trait is roughly equivalent to the product of its heritability (h) and the selection differential (S), giving the breeder's equation: R = h2S. It turns out that conservation biolo? gists are primarily interested in such traits, as they underpin organismal fitness and local adaptation. While the empirical and statistical approa? ches for quantifying the forces of selection under natural conditions are well understood, the long-standing problem has been quantifying the genetic basis of key traits in nat? ural populations. This difficulty has been exacerbated by the long generation times, small sample sizes, and other factors related to many organ? isms of conservation interest, complicating proper breeding designs to estimate these quantitative genetic parameters. Thanks to recent theoretical ad? vances promulgated by Kermit Ritland, Michael Lynch, Tim Mousseau, and others, and empirical progress forged by the development of molecu? lar markers like the nuclear microsatellite loci mentioned by Wayne and Morin, ecological and conservation geneticists now have the tools to esti? mate quantitative genetic parameters in natural populations. Combined with research on the selective environment, biologists can use these quantitative genetic estimates to predict the microevolutionary response of the traits of interest under differing scenarios. How will the population of inter? est respond phenotypically if local climatic conditions warm by, say, two degrees Celsius? What will be the cross-generational impact if indi? viduals of a certain size are culled from the population, or if individuals with a given phenotypic distribution from another population are used to augment a focal population of con? servation interest? These questions Erratum In the April 2004 issue, the cen? tral cover image of Paragorgia and the image in Figure 4 (page 125) of the article by Roberts and Hirshfeld (Front Ecol Environ 2004; 3: 123-30) should have been credited as follows: Photo by Alberto Lindner, courtesy of NOAA Fisheries. provide merely a flavor of the poten? tial power that molecular techniques used in quantitative genetics provide to modern conservation biologists when integrated with studies of ecol? ogy, beyond the useful applications of molecular approaches already detailed by Wayne and Morin. Fredric J Janzen Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA (fjanzen@iastate. edu) Did you enjoy this issue of Frcmtiersl Would colleagues and students find it a valuable resource? Does your library subscribe to Frontiersl Please consider recommending Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment to your library. Clip or copy the form below. Thank you for your support. X.-. Library Recommendation Form To Acquisition Librarian, Serials

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/0012-9623%282008%2989%5B310%3AFIE%5D2.0.CO%3B2

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

Due to global climate change and increased forest transformation by humans, accounting for the dynamics of forest ecosystems is becoming a central problem in forestry. We reviewed the success of considering vegetation dynamics in the most influential ecological forest classifications in Russia, the European Union, and North America. Out of the variety of approaches to forest classification, only those that are widely used in forestry and forest inventory were selected. It was found that the system of diagnostic signs developed by genetic forest typology based on the time-stable characteristics of habitats as well as the developed concept of dynamic series of cenosis formation allows us to successfully take into account the dynamics of vegetation. While forest dynamics in European classifications is assessed at a theoretical level, it is also possible to assess forest dynamics in practice due to information obtained from EUNIS habitat classification. In ecological classifications in North America, the problem of vegetation dynamics is most fully solved with ecological site description (ESD), which includes potential vegetation and disturbance factors in the classification features. In habitat type classification (HTC) and biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC), vegetation dynamics is accounted based on testing the diagnostic species and other signs of potential vegetation for resistance to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding of vegetation–environment associations is fundamental in forming proper forest management methods and improving existing classification structures. We believe that this topic is relevant as part of the ongoing search for new solutions within all significant forest ecological classifications.

/pdf/experience-of-forest-ecological-classification-in-assessment-18b5dukr.pdf

Experience of Forest Ecological Classification in Assessment of Vegetation Dynamics

Many important ecological phenomena occur on large spatial scales and/or are unplanned and thus do not easily fit within analytical frameworks that rely on randomization, replication, and interspersed a priori controls for statistical comparison. Analyses of such large-scale, natural experiments are common in the health and econometrics literature, where techniques have been developed to derive insight from large, noisy observational data sets. Here, we apply a technique from this literature, synthetic control, to assess landscape change with remote sensing data. The basic data requirements for synthetic control include (1) a discrete set of treated and untreated units, (2) a known date of treatment intervention, and (3) time series response data that include both pre- and post-treatment outcomes for all units. Synthetic control generates a response metric for treated units relative to a no-action alternative based on prior relationships between treated and unexposed groups. Using simulations and a case study involving a large-scale brush-clearing management event, we show how synthetic control can intuitively infer treatment effect sizes from satellite data, even in the presence of confounding noise from climate anomalies, long-term vegetation dynamics, or sensor errors. We find that accuracy depends on the number and quality of potential control units, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate control populations. Although we consider the synthetic control approach in the context of natural experiments with remote sensing data, we expect the methodology to have wider utility in ecology, particularly for systems with large, complex, and poorly replicated experimental units.

Evaluating natural experiments in ecology: Using synthetic controls in assessments of remotely sensed land treatments

Ten practical questions to improve data quality

• Monitoring supports iterative learning about the effectiveness of management actions, information that can help managers plan future actions, facilitate decision-making, and improve outcomes. • Adaptive monitoring is the evolution of a monitoring program in response to new management questions; new or changing environmental or socioeconomic conditions, improved monitoring methods, models, and tools; and experience implementing the monitoring program. • Adaptive monitoring is connected to research and management through the exchange of data; analytical, methodological, and technological developments; information; and understanding. • We review recent advances in adaptive monitoring and discuss new opportunities for both the research and management communities to improve monitoring in the years ahead. 

Adaptive monitoring in support of adaptive management in rangelands

https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10196403

Collaborative Approaches to Strengthen the Role of Science in Rangeland Conservation

Effects of Managed Fire on a Swale Grassland in the Chihuahuan Desert

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Collaborative Approaches to Strengthen the Role of Science in Rangeland Conservation

Effects of Managed Fire on a Swale Grassland in the Chihuahuan Desert