The control of luminous radiation has extremely important implications for modern and future technologies as well as in medicine. In this Review, we detail chemical structures and their relevant photophysical features for various groups of materials, including organic dyes such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines (and derivatives), other common organic materials, mixed metal complexes and clusters, fullerenes, dendrimeric nanocomposites, polymeric materials (organic and/or inorganic), inorganic semiconductors, and other nanoscopic materials, utilized or potentially useful for the realization of devices able to filter in a smart way an external radiation. The concept of smart is referred to the characteristic of those materials that are capable to filter the radiation in a dynamic way without the need of an ancillary system for the activation of the required transmission change. In particular, this Review gives emphasis to the nonlinear optical properties of photoactive materials for the functi...

Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation.

Research on hybrid inorganic-organic materials has experienced an explosive growth since the 1980s, with the expansion of soft inorganic chemistry based processes. Indeed, mild synthetic conditions, low processing temperatures provided by “chimie douce” and the versatility of the colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio to produce the so called hybrid materials. Today a high degree of control over both composition and nanostructure of these hybrids can be achieved allowing tunable structure-property relationships. This, in turn, makes it possible to tailor and fine-tune many properties (mechanical, optical, electronic, thermal, chemical…) in very broad ranges, and to design specific multifunctional systems for applications. In particular, the field of “Hybrid-Optics” has been very productive not only scientifically but also in terms of applications. Indeed, numerous optical devices based on hybrids are already in, or very close, to the market. This review describes most of the recent advances performed in this field. Emphasis will be given to luminescent, photochromic, NLO and plasmonic properties. As an outlook we show that the controlled coupling between plasmonics and luminescence is opening a land of opportunities in the field of “Hybrid-Optics”.

/pdf/optical-properties-of-hybrid-organic-inorganic-materials-and-3q06tzm3ml.pdf

Optical Properties of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials and their Applications

Carbon nanotubes possess not only outstanding mechanical, electrical and thermal properties but also unique nonlinear optical properties. In this Feature Article, we review the recent developments of the carbon nanotube and its composites for nonlinear optical applications. Two research hot spots are discussed: optical limiting for laser protection and the saturable absorber as a mode-locking component for ultra-short pulsed lasers. The physical mechanism, materials and devices are intensively introduced for each application. All of the investigations indicate that the carbon nanotube is one of the main competitive candidates for next generation of photonic components.

/pdf/carbon-nanotubes-and-nanotube-composites-for-nonlinear-14x6b557be.pdf

Carbon nanotubes and nanotube composites for nonlinear optical devices

This paper reviews the recent development of inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials for optical limiting applications. The synthesis, testing method, optical limiting property and mechanism of several representative classes of nanomaterial, including carbon nanotubes, silver and gold nanocomposites, and selected other conducting and semiconducting nanomaterials, are introduced separately. The nonlinear optical mechanisms observed in inorganic nanomaterials, i.e. nonlinear scattering, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, etc, are discussed in conjunction with the influence of the material properties and the laser source on the optical limiting performance.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/11/2/024001/pdf

Inorganic and hybrid nanostructures for optical limiting

Graphene and its derivatives for laser protection

Linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) investigations into the material response of a selection of solid-state phthalocyanine?polymer films are reported. Using the simple method of sequentially deposited spin cast phthalocyanine doped polymer films, one can characterize the resulting NLO response by means of the Z-scan technique with 6?ns pulses at 532?nm. Effective optical coefficients are calculated with a nonlinear absorption based model and their intensity dependence is investigated. When compared with the phthalocyanine solutions, the phthalocyanine?poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films exhibit excellent nonlinear extinction effects, outperforming corresponding phthalocyanine solutions by 2?3 orders of magnitude. Molecular engineering of metallophthalocyanine compounds, through both axial and peripheral substitutes, has led to an optimization of the resulting NLO response in the nanosecond regime. Mechanistic implications of the optical dissipation for various substituted phthalocyanines are also discussed and examined.

Nonlinear optical performance of chemically tailored phthalocyanine–polymer films as solid-state optical limiting devices

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Nonlinear optical performance of chemically tailored phthalocyanine–polymer films as solid-state optical limiting devices