A review: Evolution of branching T-junction geometry in terms of diameter ratio, to improve phase separation

Gas-liquid separation technology is vital in various industries, including oil exploitation, chemical engineering, and fluid machinery. Consequently, numerous scholars have explored empirical and numerical study aspects of gas-liquid separation to enhance its performance. Considered from the point of view of separation methods, gas-liquid separation is divided into four main categories: gravity, inertial, filtration, and centrifugal. Gravity separation is mainly researched around two structures: horizontal and vertical. Inertial separation is primarily concerned with the structural shape of the device and the change in the direction of the inertial force to achieve efficient separation of the gas and liquid phases. Filtration separation is mainly studied around the screen's structural shape and chemical properties (surface modification) to separate. Centrifugal separation is primarily carried out through experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the effects of structural and operational parameters on the internal flow field and separation performance of the device. The gas-liquid separation performance is improved by optimizing the structural and functional addition; these methods have been categorized according to the selected research object and the methodology employed. In addition, the separation mechanism is described. This more in-depth analysis can improve the gas-liquid separation performance more accurately and practically. This comprehensive review also highlights the need to explore several research directions in gas-liquid separation technology. Firstly, a more in-depth mechanistic research investigation is essential to understand the underlying phenomena better. Secondly, cohesively integrating multiple technological means can lead to more efficient separation processes. Lastly, employing numerical models for optimization is promising for further advancements in this field. Selecting appropriate approaches and devices is crucial for achieving high-efficiency gas-liquid separation. By combining empirical and numerical studies information and adopting a multidisciplinary approach, researchers can address existing challenges and unlock new possibilities in gas-liquid separation technology. 

Empirical and numerical advancements in gas-liquid separation technology: A review

Whenever T-junctions are used in chemical processes and petroleum industries for two-phase separation, a maldistribution of phases is observed between outlets of the junction. Currently, the regular T-junctions are utilized in the industry due to which equipment downstream faces high liquid carryovers. Unfortunately, downstream equipment is not capable of handling high liquid carryovers and they trip frequently, consequently. This review manuscript summarizes the effect of different factors that influence phase separation in the T-junction. This article refers to the geometrical parameters, phase superficial velocity flow regimes encounter during the separation process, and different side arm modifications. This article is a contribution to this field as it summarizes and concludes all these factors comprehensively, to give a verdict on ways to improve phase separation. It is also recommended that the effect of side arm modifications or combinations must be explored for further understanding.

/pdf/review-of-factors-affecting-the-phase-redistribution-in-the-4a58wuwruk.pdf

Review of Factors Affecting the Phase-Redistribution in the Branching T-Junction

The work aims to numerically evaluate different injection configurations for the analysis of a two-phase flow behavior and evolution through a staggered Y-junction pipeline. To minimize agglomeration between inlets, the injection zones have a separation distance, avoiding areas with eddies or swirls owing to strong turbulence. Six input scenarios were examined accordingly with injection system experimental data. Results show significant variations because the main fluid develops a swirl over the pipe center. This is generated immediately after the phases’ supply zone due to the oil-phase because it presents a partial pipe flooding, even in the water injection zone. Moreover, the supply configuration has significant relevance to the main flow development. Accordingly, many flow patterns can be achieved depending on the phases’ confluence coming from the supply system. The interface velocities confirm the transition process and flow pattern development, which are driven by the phases’ velocities describing the early stages of three flow patterns formed during the fluids’ confluence. Finally, a substantial extent of the conjunction process points out that caution must be exercised during the injection supply system selection for this type of junction pipeline to achieve a better, and smooth blend, with either narrow, medium, or wide emulsions.

/pdf/numerical-study-of-water-oil-two-phase-flow-evolution-in-a-y-2rn57f5l.pdf

Numerical Study of Water-Oil Two-Phase Flow Evolution in a Y-Junction Horizontal Pipeline

The separation of oil, gas, and water mixture is an important process in the production of crude oil. Traditional separation tanks are large, heavy, long in separation time, and high cost to manufacture. This paper introduces a separation technology with the main characteristics of the pipeline structure. This technology uses the principles of centrifugation, expansion, air flotation, and gravity separation. Pipes and other equipment are the core equipment, which has the advantages of flexible process composition, small footprint, and high separation efficiency. This technology can be used for rapid oil, gas, and water separation, solving the problems of expansion, upgrading old oilfield stations, realizing the purpose of re-injection of water in-situ, energy saving, and reducing emissions.

Technologies and Applications of Pipeline-type Oil-gas-water Separation

Multitube T-junctions can be used as an oil-water-gas pre-separator in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, the mixture model, coupled with the k-e turbulent model, was applied for a simulation of the oil-water-gas three-phase flow characteristics in the multitube T-junction separator. The oil droplet size ranged from 1 to 4 mm. The water content ranged from 5% to 20% and the gas content from 3% to 25%. According to the phase separation results for different droplet sizes, it was found that, as the oil droplet size increased, the water content at the water outlet initially increased and then tended to be stable. Therefore, it was necessary to increase the oil droplet size through corresponding measures before flowing into the T-junction for separation. For the separator with an inner diameter of 50 mm, the oil content at the inlet had a great influence on the water-oil separation performance, and the water-oil separation performance was obviously improved as the oil content decreased. Owing to increased residence time, the oil content had little influence on the water-oil separation performance when the separator with an inner diameter of 100 mm was applied. Moreover, for the separator with an inner diameter of 100 mm, the oil content had little influence on the degassing effect, and more than 90% of the gas could be discharged from the gas outlet. The separation performance of the multitube T-junction separator became worse as the inlet gas content increased.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/12/2655/pdf

Oil-Water-Gas Three-Phase Separation in Multitube T-Junction Separators

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Oil-Water-Gas Three-Phase Separation in Multitube T-Junction Separators