A theoretical study is presented for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state. The scheme is based on a mixture of two well-known V- and ladder-type systems illuminated by a weak probe field as well as control and switching laser beams of larger intensity, which could be standing waves. As a result of space-dependent atom− light interaction and due to the effect of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency or Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption, various 2D and 3D localization structures appear. Specifically, the detecting probability and precision of 2D and 3D atom localization can be remarkably enhanced through suitable adjusting the controlling parameters of the system. The proposed scheme may provide a promising approach to achieve high precision and perfect resolution 2D and 3D atom localization.

Atom Localization Using a Rydberg State

A scheme is proposed to realize three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a driven two-level atomic system via resonance fluorescence. The field arrangement for the atom localization involves the application of three mutually orthogonal standing-wave fields and an additional traveling-wave coupling field. We have shown the efficacy of such field arrangement in tuning the spatially modulated resonance in all directions. Under different parametric conditions, the 3D localization patterns originate with various shapes such as sphere, sheets, disk, bowling pin, snake flute, flower vase. High-precision localization is achieved when the radiation field detuning equals twice the combined Rabi frequencies of the standing-wave fields. Application of a traveling-wave field of suitable amplitude at optimum radiation field detuning under symmetric standing-wave configuration leads to 100% detection probability even in sub-wavelength domain. Asymmetric field configuration is also taken into consideration to exhibit atom localization with appreciable precision compared to that of the symmetric case. The momentum distribution of the localized atoms is found to follow the Heisenberg uncertainty principle under the validity of Raman–Nath approximation. The proposed field configuration is suitable for application in the study of atom localization in an optical lattice arrangement.

Resonance fluorescence microscopy via three-dimensional atom localization

We have put forward high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a simple three-level V-type atomic system via measuring population in two excited states. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction for the atom passing through the standing waves, the position probability distribution of the atom can be determined by measuring the populations in two excited states. Based on field-induced quantum interference, it has been shown that the present model can be very efficient in obtaining $ 50\% $ 50% and $ 100\% $ 100% probability of finding the atomic position in 3D space by properly tuning the system parameters in various standing-wave field configurations. In the present work, we note that $ 50\% $ 50% and $ 100\% $ 100% position detection probabilities of the atom are attainable with the limit of spatial resolutions $ \frac {\lambda ^3}{56.2\times 10^6} $ λ356.2×106 and $ \frac {\lambda ^3}{7.78\times 10^6} $ λ37.78×106, respectively, as expressed in terms of localization volume. The efficacy of the present model lies in its potential applications in quantum information processing and technology via 3D atom localization in the near future.

High precision three-dimensional atom localization via spatially modulated quantum interference in a V-type atomic system beyond weak field approximation

Efficient control of three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption in a phase-coherent atomic medium


 In this paper, we investigate the spatially dependent absorption characteristics in structurally asymmetric quantum-dot molecules (QDMs), characterized by four energy levels interacting with position-dependent beams and varying system parameters. We explore the effects of detuning, standing wave intensity, and the relative phase of applied fields on the absorption patterns within the medium. A diverse array of patterns emerges, including cross-like structures, ring-like formations, and localized absorption maxima, illustrating the intricate interplay between these parameters and the spatial distribution of absorption features. The introduction of a vortex-shaped control field adds a new dimension to the study, revealing azimuthal dependence and providing a novel perspective for manipulating absorption and gain properties based on the orbital angular momentum of the control field. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics governing spatially dependent absorption in QDMs, offering valuable insights for controlled manipulation and practical applications in quantum systems.

Spatially varying optical characteristics in quantum-dot molecules through interdot tunneling

We present a new scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level atomic system based on the interference of double-dark resonances. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the probe absorption. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, the probability of finding the atom in 3D space can be 1/2. Our scheme opens a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 3D atom localization, which provides some potential applications in the atom nanolithography via 3D atom localization.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1054-660X/26/11/115501/pdf

Three-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization via interacting double-dark resonances

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Three-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization via interacting double-dark resonances