Review on bubble dynamic of subcooled flow boiling-part b: Behavior and models

Review on bubble dynamic of subcooled flow boiling-part a: Research methodologies

Photothermal anti-/de-icing materials (PA/DIMs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential in addressing surface ice formation. To date, improved durability and harsh environment performances of PA/DIMs have greatly hindered their development in industrial applications. This review summarizes recent advances and applications in PA/DIMs, including 'photothermal + smooth liquid injection porous surface' strategy, 'photothermal + superhydrophobic' strategy, 'photothermal + electrothermal' strategy, 'photothermal + magnetothermal' strategy, and 'photothermal + phase change thermal' strategy. Anti-/de-icing mechanisms and performance evaluation methods of PA/DIMs are summarized. In addition, progresses and prospect of novel PA/DIMs as promising approaches to enhance the mechanical and photothermal conversion properties are summarized, which provides a meaningful route for the effective large-scale applications. In all, further research is needed to optimize the performance durability of these coatings, as well as to develop cost-effective manufacturing methods for the large-scale applications in transportation, energy production, and aerospace. It is expected that this review will effectively complement the published comments on photothermal anti-/de-icing materials and provide more inspirations on large-scale applications of passive icephobic surfaces in the future. 

Recent advances in photothermal anti-/de-icing materials

Horizontal and vertical variation of soil clay content and its controlling factors in China.

During electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of bubbles possesses great importance to reduce the overpotential and improve the stability of the electrode. Bubble evolution is accomplished by nucleation, growth, and detachment. The expanding nucleation sites, decreasing bubble size, and timely detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface are key factors in bubble management. Recently, the surface engineering of electrodes has emerged as a promising strategy for bubble management in practical water splitting due to its reliability and efficiency. In this review, we start with a discussion of the bubble behavior on the electrodes during water splitting. Then we summarize recent progress in the management of bubbles from the perspective of surface physical (electrocatalytic surface morphology) and surface chemical (surface composition) considerations, focusing on the surface texture design, three-dimensional construction, wettability coating technology, and functional group modification. Finally, we present the principles of bubble management, followed by an insightful perspective and critical challenges for further development.

Bubble Management for Electrolytic Water Splitting by Surface Engineering: A Review

Droplet and bubble wetting behaviors: The roles of surface wettability and roughness

Percolation transitions of spontaneous imbibition in fractional-wet porous media

With the increase in rainfall, landslides occur on many gentle slopes in the mountainous areas of southeast China. Gentle slopes have a particular dual geological structure, i.e., the lower part is a gravel soil layer with good water permeability, and the surface layer is clay soil with relatively poor water permeability. Under conditions of heavy rainfall, a gentle slope with this structure is likely to collect temporary confined water. The intermittent creep of the upper slope is caused by the floating force of the temporary confined water, which causes landslide disasters. The conditions that bring about temporary confined water are related not only to the stratum structure, but also to the rainfall intensity and the initial height of the water table level. On the basis of the characteristics of the stratum of the gentle slope landslide on the front of Fanshantou Mountain, we constructed a hydrological model in GEO-STUDIO. We investigated the effect of different rainfall intensities and initial water table levels on confined water under continuous rainfall conditions and conducted a corresponding stability analysis. The results show that when both the initial water table level and the rainfall intensity are high, temporary confined water is formed rapidly, increasing the chance of a landslide disaster. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of landslides on similar gentle slopes in the mountainous areas of southeast China.

Temporary Confined Water-Induced Landslide in the Binary Structure of a Gentle Slope: A Case Study of the Fanshantou Landslide

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Droplet and bubble wetting behaviors: The roles of surface wettability and roughness

Percolation transitions of spontaneous imbibition in fractional-wet porous media

Temporary Confined Water-Induced Landslide in the Binary Structure of a Gentle Slope: A Case Study of the Fanshantou Landslide