Nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments in China: A national-scale assessment and review.

Assessment of mobilization of labile phosphorus and iron across sediment-water interface in a shallow lake (Hongze) based on in situ high-resolution measurement

In this study, the characteristics and distribution of the organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in the surface sediments of seven inflow rivers around Hongze Lake in China were analyzed with a soil Po fraction method, as used by Ivanoff. The relationships between the Po fractions and physiochemical features of sediments were also discussed. The results showed that, the sediments of the rivers had been moderately pollution with certain ecological risk effects except the Waste Yellow River. The relative contribution order of the Po fractions in the sediments was residual Po > HCl-Po > fulvic acid-Po > humic acid-Po > labile organic phosphorus (LOP). Moderately labile organic phosphorus (MLOP) was the main part of the Po forms in the whole sediments. The risk of phosphorus released from river sediments was the highest in the western region, followed by the southwestern region, and finally the northwestern region. There were significant correlations between Po forms and total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Po. Non labile organic phosphorus (NLOP) had the strongest correlation with TP. The distribution of Po forms in each region was different due to the impact of human activities, industrial and agricultural production and the land types; the heaver polluted sediments with higher Po fractions. It is suggested that most of the sediments of the inflow rivers in the regions have certain ecological risk effects and P of them have an important contributions on the eutrophication of Hongze Lake. Po forms can provide a reliable theoretical basis for dealing with the change of water quality and should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation. There was reciprocal transformation between different Po forms, especially non-bioavailable fraction can change into bio-available ones. The results can provide a basis for the earth cycle of phosphorus and a new perspective of eutrophication control of shallow lakes.

Characteristics and Distribution of Organic Phosphorus Fractions in the Surface Sediments of the Inflow Rivers around Hongze Lake, China.

Nansi Lake has been seriously affected by intensive anthropogenic activities in recent years. In this study, an extensive survey on spatial variation, pollution assessment as well as the possible sources identification of major nutrients (Total phosphorus: TP, Total nitrogen: TN, and Total organic carbon: TOC) in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake was conducted. Results showed that the mean contents of TP, TN and TOC were 1.13-, 5.40- and 2.50- fold higher than their background values respectively. Most of the TN and TOC contents in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake were four times as high or higher and twice as high or higher than the background values except the Zhaoyang sub-lake, and the spatial distribution of TN and TOC contents were remarkably similar over a large area. Nearly all the TP contents in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake were all higher than its background values except most part of the Zhaoyang sub-lake. Based on the enrichment factor (EF) and the organic pollution evaluation index (Org-index), TP, TOC and TN showed minor enrichment (1.13), minor enrichment (2.50) and moderately severe enrichment (5.40), respectively, and most part of the Dushan sub-lake and the vicinity of the Weishan island were in moderate or heavy sediments organic pollution, while the other parts were clean. Moreover, according to the results of multivariate statistical analysis, we deduced that anthropogenic TN and TOC were mainly came from industrial sources including enterprises distributed in Jining, Yanzhou and Zoucheng along with iron and steel industries distributed in the southern of the Weishan sub-lake, whereas TP mainly originated from runoff and soil erosion coming from agricultural lands located in Heze city and Weishan island, the local aquacultural activities as well as the domestic sewage discharge of Jining city.

/pdf/spatial-variation-pollution-assessment-and-source-5bjss4luqw.pdf

Spatial Variation, Pollution Assessment and Source Identification of Major Nutrients in Surface Sediments of Nansi Lake, China

Long-term variation characteristics of nutrients in the water and sediments of a surface flow constructed wetland with micro-polluted water sources

In order to illuminate nutrient spatial distribution characteristics in surface sediment of Lake Hongze, sediment samples at 10 representative sampling stations were collected in June of 2008, and concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, Al-Phosphorus, and calcium-Phosphorus in sediment of each station were measured Analyze showed that: organic matter and total nitrogen are significantly correlated, and organic nitrogen occupies 90% of total nitrogen, which means that carbon and nitrogen were from the same source; Inorganic phosphorus is the majority (70%) of total phosphorus, and the calcium-Phosphorus accounts for a large percentage of inorganic phosphorus; The spatial distribution pattern of organic matter in the lake is very similar with that of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and total phosphorus, which belongs to a typical sediment distribution pattern called Turbidity Flood Model The C/N analysis showed that the main sources of organic matter in surface sediments are from the sedimentation of biomass in its water column By organic matter index evaluation standards and organic nitrogen evaluation standards, the pollution levels of sediment at each sampling stations in the lake were evaluated at clean category, except that at north part of Longji, which was polluted by organic nitrogen

Spatial distribution characteristics of surface sediments nutrients in Lake Hongze and their pollution status evaluation

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Spatial distribution characteristics of surface sediments nutrients in Lake Hongze and their pollution status evaluation