democratic public sphere theory has become increasingly popular in Internet-democracy research and commentary. In terms of informal civic prac- tices, advocates of this theory see the Internet as a means for the expansion of citizen deliberation leading to the formation of rational public opinion through which official decision makers can be held accountable. In this paper I question this public sphere conception as a democratic norm of Internet practice given that there have been sustained critiques of the deliberative conception for failing to account fully for power, and thus for supporting status quo social and political systems. I examine these claims and argue that while the deliberative conception actually pays more attention to power than some critics argue, it fails to ade- quately theorize the power relations involved in defining what counts as legiti- mate deliberation. Drawing upon post-Marxist discourse theory, I highlight two inter-related factors that are largely ignored in this boundary setting: discursive radicalism and inter-discursive conflict. I argue that to fully account for these two factors we can refer to an agonistic public sphere position that is also being drawn upon in Internet-democracy research and commentary. In particular, the concept 'counter-publics', which is deployed in such work, helps us take into account the democratic role of radical exclusion and associated counter-discursive struggles over the limits of legitimate deliberation. The result is the radicalization of the public sphere conception.

The Internet, deliberative democracy, and power: Radicalizing the public sphere

Dual effects of the internet on political activism: Reinforcing and mobilizing

Institutional and technological determinants of civil e-Participation: Solo or duet?

This article provides an exploratory overview of crowdsourced surveillance of closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage over the Internet. Although the use of CCTV in both public and private surveillance is well documented, footage is now distributed over the Internet for large crowds to monitor. This article briefly introduces the concept of crowdsourcing and explains its shift from a quasi-communitarian mode of production to a business model and crime-fighting strategy. This is followed by a review of relevant scholarly literature that provides a theoretical basis for understanding crowdsourcing as it applies to CCTV surveillance online. This article then considers four case studies of crowdsourced CCTV surveillance on the Internet. These four UK-based examples provide an overview of an emerging phenomenon of how crowds can be integrated into CCTV surveillance, ranging from identifying suspects to designating suspicious behaviour in everyday activity. This article concludes by considering the broader social risks, extending from literature on CCTV, surveillance and crowdsourced labour.

Crowdsourcing CCTV surveillance on the Internet

News blogs (Web logs dedicated to the dissemination of news) are becoming the default political news source for a growing number of well-educated and apparently wellinformed segments of the population. Bloggers and blog advocates suggest that blogs, online lists, and their various analogs offer something different and potentially unique to the 21st-century citizen. At their best, blogs represent a new form of open-sourced/ open-access partisan press that promises to bring McLuhan’s tribal context one step closer to fulfillment. At their worst, blogs represent the latest form of mass-mediated triviality and celebrity spectacle, with the potential to create and sustain insulated enclaves of intolerance predicated on little more than personal illusion, rumor, and politically motivated innuendo. Employing first a medium theoretic and then a symbolic interactionist lens, the present study considers some of the key structural features of news blogs and discusses some of the personal, social, and political significances of blogs and blogging.

Identity, Electronic Ethos, and Blogs A Technologic Analysis of Symbolic Exchange on the New News Medium

This paper was delivered in different form to the conference 'The Politics of Code: Shaping the Future of the Next Internet Programme' in the Comparative Media Law and Policy/Oxford Internet Institute seminar series, University of Oxford (Feb 2003), and the UK-Netherlands Partnership Programme in Science sponsored workshop 'The Internet and International Affairs', International Institute of Infonomics, University of Maastricht, Holland (June 2003). In American Behavioral Scientist (49(4), (2005) MacDougall states:

Salter's analysis is valuable because it raises the possibility that the way the medium is used and the way it is talked about might have more to say about its current and future structure than the way it is formally designed and implemented. This is a key observation that gains additional credence in the present study (578).

It has also been cited in a number of journals, books and reports, Dahlberg, L. (2007) in International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 3(1) pp. 47-64, and in The Information Society (22(5), 2006), where Petri points to the paper as an exemplary communitarian argument (202).

Structure and forms of use: A contribution to understanding the role of the Internet in deliberative democracy

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Structure and forms of use: A contribution to understanding the role of the Internet in deliberative democracy