The objective of modern seed-coating technology is to uniformly apply a wide range of active components (ingredients) onto crop seeds at desired dosages so as to facilitate sowing and enhance crop performance. There are three major types of seed treating/coating equipment: dry powder applicator, rotary pan, and pelleting pan with the provisions to apply dry powders, liquids, or a combination of both. Additional terms for coatings produced from these types of equipment include dry coating, seed dressing, film coating, encrustments, and seed pelleting. The seed weight increases for these different coating methods ranges from 5000% (>100,000-fold range). Modern coating technology provides a delivery system for many other materials including biostimulants, nutrients, and plant protectants. This review summarizes seed coating technologies and their potential benefits to enhance seed performance, improve crop establishment, and provide early season pest management for sustainable agricultural systems.

Modern Seed Technology: Seed Coating Delivery Systems for Enhancing Seed and Crop Performance

BACKGROUND

Onion is undoubtedly one of the major sources of flavonoids. However, there exists a varietal difference in composition, concentration and beneficial activities of onion, on the basis of cultivars, day length sensitivity/ripening and types. To characterise such differences, 18 onion cultivars from Korean were evaluated for their total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Simultaneous quantification of quercetin, quercetin-3,4′-O-diglucoside, quercetin-4′-O-monoglucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside was made in methanol and 75% ethanol.



RESULTS

Total phenolic content was examined spectrophotometrically with the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent and total antioxidant activity were studied by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The cultivar ‘Sunpower’ showed the highest level of total phenolics [5016 ± 30.0 µg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry weight (DW)] and flavonoids (2873.95 ± 60.01 µg Q g−1 DW) among the 18 cultivars in methanol. However, there were fewer total phenolics and flavonoids in ethanol extracts. The antioxidant activity for cultivar Sunpower was highest in ethanol extracts 24.12 ± 1.00 and 16.13 ± 0.35 µmol L−1 Trolox equivalents g−1 DW with FRAP and DPPH, respectively.



CONCLUSION

Among the 18 cultivars, Sunpower is the most promising in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that day length sensitivity/ripening among the cultivars do not play any significant role for high values of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of 18 Korean onion cultivars: a comparative study

Seed coating technology: an innovative and sustainable approach for improving seed quality and crop performance

The response of onion cv Jaquar (Allium cepa L) to sowing date and plant population was investigated in Bloemfontein (Free State Province, South Africa) during the year 2010  Jaquar seeds were sown on 11 and 25 May; and 8 June at five different populations (95, 83, 74, 67 and 61 plants m-2) in a randomized complete block design with each treatment combination replicated three times  Plant height and leaf number were measured 18 weeks after emergence  Bulb yield and quality (bulb mass, diameter, firmness and neck diameter) were recorded at harvesting  Significantly taller plants were obtained with the early sowing date (11 May) and a population between 61 and 74 plants m-2  Leaf production was not significantly influenced by any treatment  Bulb mass, yield and firmness were significantly higher with early sowing dates (11 or 25 May)   Plant population significantly influenced bulb mass, but not yield  Bulb diameter increased as population decreased, irrespective of planting date  The three lowest populations (74, 67 and 61 plants m-2) yielded significantly harder bulbs than denser plants (83 and 95 plants m-2)  The best sowing date for Jaquar in Bloemfontein was from 11 to 25 May at a population of between 61 and 74 plants m-2

	 

	Key words: Bulb diameter, bulb firmness, bulb fresh mass, bulb shape, leaf number, plant height, yield

/pdf/response-of-onion-allium-cepa-l-to-sowing-date-and-plant-2ncu5s2qul.pdf

Response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to sowing date and plant population in the Central Free State, South Africa

Onion cultivar “Sunpower” has growing popularity in Korea due to high storability. The present study considers changes in flavonols, sugars, and two amino acids in onion bulbs during a long-term storage in the ambient dark storage room and in glasshouse equipped with a climate control system. Flavonol and sugar contents were found to fluctuate noticeably during the storage period. Amino acid content remained relatively unchanged till the onset of inner sprouting, increasing afterward. Visible sprouts appeared at week 22 in the dark storage room and for four weeks later in the glasshouse. The bulbs lost 20–30% of their weight depending on storage conditions at the end of the storage trials. At the same time, the content of nutraceutics in study expressed on the dry weight basis remained of the same order of magnitude. The nature of observed variations in chemical composition of onions as well as relation of this phenomenon to physiological development of stored onion bulbs is discussed. A conclusion is mad...

Phytochemical composition of onion during long-term storage

The bulb storability of eight red and ten yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars grown primarily in Korea was evaluated. During storage, sprouting occurred earlier in red cultivars than in yellow cultivars. In addition, the ratio of sprouted to unsprouted bulbs increased more rapidly in red cultivars than in yellow cultivars. However, not all yellow cultivars had strong storabilities. Bulb storability of three yellow cultivars was as poor as that of red cultivars, suggesting only a slight possibility of a pleiotropic effect of color and bulb storability. Meanwhile, F3 lines of a red cultivar selected based on stronger storabilities showed intermediate storabilities between those of the red and yellow cultivars, implying that strong storability could be obtained by successive selection. In contrast, F1 hybrids from crosses between yellow and red breeding lines showed poor storability compared with the yellow cultivars, indicating that poor storability may be dominant over strong storability. The relationships between color and other traits that potentially affect storability, such as fresh and dry weight, water content, and firmness of bulbs, were evaluated. No significant differences in these traits were observed between the two colors, although the water content of yellow cultivars and the dry weight of red cultivars were slightly higher than their counterparts. Correlation analyses between bulb storability and other traits, including weight, water content, and firmness, also showed no significant correlations. In this study, no correlations were identified between bulb color, storability, and other traits. However, based on these results, red cultivars with stronger storabilities could be developed through successive selection of bulbs with stronger storabilities.

Bulb storability of red and yellow onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars grown in Korea.

Selection of coating materials and binders for pelleting onion (Allium cepa L.) seed

Evaluation of cytoplasm types by PCR-marker in male-sterility of onion (Allium cepa L.).

Evaluation of Yellowish Skin Color (‘chartreus’) Onion Lines for Soluble Solid Content and Sugars Characteristics

New mid-late maturing F1 hybrid onion cultivar, "Yeongpunghwang".

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