Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, also known as Madagascar periwinkle or Sadabahar, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Being a reservoir for more than 200 alkaloids, it reserves a place for itself in the list of important medicinal plants. Secondary metabolites are present in its leaves (e.g., vindoline, vinblastine, catharanthine, and vincristine) as well as basal stem and roots (e.g., ajmalicine, reserpine, serpentine, horhammericine, tabersonine, leurosine, catharanthine, lochnerine, and vindoline). Two of its alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine (possessing anticancerous properties), are being used copiously in pharmaceutical industries. Till date, arrays of reports are available on in vitro biotechnological improvements of C. roseus. The present review article concentrates chiefly on various biotechnological advancements based on plant tissue culture techniques of the last three decades, for instance, regeneration via direct and indirect organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, secondary metabolite production, synthetic seed production, clonal fidelity assessment, polyploidization, genetic transformation, and nanotechnology. It also portrays the importance of various factors influencing the success of in vitro biotechnological interventions in Catharanthus and further addresses several shortcomings that can be further explored to create a platform for upcoming innovative approaches. KEY POINTS: • C. roseus yields anticancerous vincristine and vinblastine used in pharma industry. •In vitro biotechnological interventions prompted major genetic advancements. • This review provides an insight on in vitro-based research achievements till date. • Key bottlenecks and prospective research methodologies have been identified herein.

Biotechnological advancements in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

Different techniques of in vitro cultures of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus are available. In this regard, the plant is a source of important secondary metabolites that are compounds widely used in pharmacology. For instance, vinblastine and vincristine are alkaloids employed in the treatment of leukemia. This chapter discusses the techniques mostly used in the field of modern biotechnology, such as the in vitro culture of callus and suspension cells, as well as those related to organs, roots, and seedlings. Similarly, the chapter encompasses the types of explant cultures used, induction rates, and the culture environment, jointly with hormones and concentration employed. Also discussed is the level of production of each category of alkaloids according to the type of in vitro culture. Similarly, new metabolites obtained from suspension cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus, along with major pharmacological studies recently conducted, are contained in the chapter.

In Vitro Biotechnological Production and Pharmacological Studies of Antileukemic Alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus is one of the most extensively investigated medicinal plants, which can produce more than 130 alkaloids, including the powerful antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine which are used in the treatment of cancer. Alkaloids are one of the most important secondary metabolites known to play a vital role in various pharmaceutical applications leading to an increased commercial importance in recent years. An overview of recent studies which have been used using various approaches of plant tissue, organ culture, regeneration, cryopreservation, and transformation of C. roseus is presented in this chapter. One of the most effective strategies for enhancing the biotechnological production of alkaloid compounds is elicitation. This chapter summarizes the recent research work of various in vitro cultures, abiotic, biotic elicitors, and precursor feeding applied to C. roseus cultural system and their stimulating effects on the accumulation of TIAs.

Plant Biotechnology and Periwinkle

Shoots about 1.5-2 cm of Catharanthus roseus L. were contained axillary buds exited and sterilized with ethanol 95 % for 1 min, then washed with DDH2O for 5 min, and rinsed with sodium hypochlorite at concentration 2% supplemented with 2 drops of tween-20 for 10 min then washed with DDH2O for 5 min. three times. The sterilized shoots cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with different concentration of (BA) and incubation at control conditions. Results showed that adding 2 mg/l (BA) to the medium caused significantly increasing of parameters compared with other treatments after 4 weeks of culturing. The average of shoots number was recorded (4.75), leaves number (9.25), the fresh and dry weight were recorded (1103.75, 112.00) mg respectively.

Effect of benzyl adenine on multiplication of catharanthus roseus l. in vitro.

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Effect of benzyl adenine on multiplication of catharanthus roseus l. in vitro.