The Altai region has yielded a cluster of Middle and Upper Paleolithic
stratified sites that have been recently excavated using a multidisciplinary
approach. These sequences provide key evidence illustrating changes in
material culture corresponding to the transition from the Middle to the
Upper Paleolithic. In Europe, this phenomenon is associated with the
replacement of Neandertals by modern humans. Based on this archeological
data set, local scholars have put forward a scenario of regional transition
to explain the emergence cultural and biological modernity. Recent
developments in ancient DNA studies, however, have complicated this
model by showing that Neandertals were present in the Altai Mountains
until forty thousand years ago. In addition, a previously unknown genome
has been sequenced, demonstrating the presence of another type of
hominin in the region, the so-called ‘Denisovans’. The presence of
anatomically modern humans is confirmed by at least thirty thousand
years ago in Siberia. Based on a taphonomic and technological analysis of
the Kara-Bom and Ust-Karakol laminar assemblages, the study presented
in this volume takes a close look at the early development of Upper Paleolithic
technical traditions in the Altai. The alternative chrono-cultural
model presented as an attempt to conciliate archeological, environmental,
genetic and paleontological data has substantial implications for our
understanding of the Late Pleistocene peopling of Asia.

/pdf/laminar-technology-and-the-onset-of-the-upper-paleolithic-in-1sc2mhmnvp.pdf

Laminar Technology and the Onset of the Upper Paleolithic in the Altai, Siberia

During the 2006 excavation at the Grotte de la Verpillière in Germolles, a team from the University of Tübingen under the direction of Prof. Harald Floss found a new archeological site. The site, now called Grotte de la Verpillière II, is situated around 50 m south of the well‐known Verpillière cave (since then it has been called Verpillière I) in the same communal subdistrict of Verpillière. Between 2006 and 2008 mixed sediments and big limestone blocks from a roof collapse were removed to gain entrance to the cave. In 2009, intact layers with Middle Paleolithic artifacts were found and remain under excavation today. The intact find layers contain lithic artifacts, faunal elements and thousands of charcoal fragments that occur in discrete lenses. The lithic industry contains a high percentage of Levallois elements and the uppermost intact find layer (GH 3) yields a bifacial component that can be related to the Keilmessergruppen (assemblages with backed bifacial knifes), Micoquien (sensu Bosinski), Charentian with Micoquian influence (sensu Farizy), Mousterian with Micoque option (sensu Richter) of central Europe or the Mousterian with bifacial tools (sensu Ruebens) in northern France and the Benelux. Here, we provide an overview of the first insights gained from ongoing excavations (here described insights from the campaigns 2006 to 2013) and analyses at this new Middle Paleolithic site in Eastern France.

Grotte de la Verpillière II, Germolles, France: Preliminary insights from a new Middle Paleolithic site in southern Burgundy

Loess, flints and bones: Multidisciplinary research at Jaksice II Gravettian site (southern Poland)

The materials for our study were represented by three skeletons from Murzak‐koba I and II and Fatma‐koba dated to the Upper Paleolithic‐Mesolithic period. The skeletal remains, both cranial and postcranial parts, were standardly measured and selected indexes describing shape and proportion of individual body parts were estimated. The intravital stature of all individuals was high, the cranial shape was heterogenous and their extremities proportion resembles the mid‐continental adaptive human type. Various pathological traces, such as periodontitis and periostitis were observed.

Mesolithic people from crimea

The Preboreal is a period that is still relatively poorly known as regards its archeological cultures. At the transition between the Pleistocene and the Holocene there are finds from Northern Germany indicating the presence of the Late Paleolithic Ahrensburg culture with a clear focus on reindeer hunting, but at the same time there are Danish finds reflecting an orientation to elk hunting, with an unclear cultural affiliation. Clear evidence of a material culture characteristic of the Maglemose culture does not appear until the middle part of the Preboreal. Dated finds suggest that reindeer existed throughout the chronozone, contemporary with other game such as horse and elk. Elk is observed through finds of deposits of parts of elk bodies which differ from later ways of treating game animals. These have been interpreted as being linked to ritual activities. A couple of finds of metapodials from Skåne may be a consequence of the same patterns of deposition. Finds of elk antler mattock heads and leister points have also been observed. The former in particular have a special position as characteristic of an early Maglemose culture. The leister points can be followed back to the Late Paleolithic, and it is still uncertain when elk antler mattock heads began to appear.

/pdf/in-the-trail-of-the-elks-finds-from-the-preboreal-in-36rtfbyw7j.pdf

In the trail of the elks : Finds from the Preboreal in southern Sweden

The Gravettian is considered one of the first pan-European cultures of the Upper Palaeolithic, spreading from Portugal to Russia between 28-20000 years BP and characterised by backed blades and points. The Noaillian is a local variant in southern Europe (Northern Spain, Southern France and Italy). In France Noaillian is supposedly evolving into the Rayssian which is replaced later by recent Gravettian. By reconsidering the formation processes of some key stratigraphic sequences, the author demonstrates that the Rayssian is an idiosyncratic culture that does not have abrupt-backed bladelets, and that runs chronologically in parallel with the others. A case study, based on new work at the site of La Picardie (Indre-et-Loire), suggests that we should expect to define different contemporary regional groups during this long period.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0003598X00094928

Regional groups in the European Middle Gravettian: a reconsideration of the Rayssian technology

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Regional groups in the European Middle Gravettian: a reconsideration of the Rayssian technology