Doing qualitative research: a practical handbook, by David Silverman, Los Angeles, Sage, 2010, 456 pp., AU$65.00, ISBN 978-1-84860-033-1, ISBN 978-1-94960-034-8. Available in Australia and New Zeal...

Doing qualitative research: a practical handbook

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have identified significant variability in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence estimates worldwide, largely explained by methodological procedures. However, increasing rates of ADHD diagnosis and treatment throughout the past few decades have fuelled concerns about whether the true prevalence of the disorder has increased over time.


METHODS
We updated the two most comprehensive systematic reviews on ADHD prevalence available in the literature. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of year of study in the context of both methodological variables that determined variability in ADHD prevalence (diagnostic criteria, impairment criterion and source of information), and the geographical location of studies.


RESULTS
We identified 154 original studies and included 135 in the multivariate analysis. Methodological procedures investigated were significantly associated with heterogeneity of studies. Geographical location and year of study were not associated with variability in ADHD prevalence estimates.


CONCLUSIONS
Confirming previous findings, variability in ADHD prevalence estimates is mostly explained by methodological characteristics of the studies. In the past three decades, there has been no evidence to suggest an increase in the number of children in the community who meet criteria for ADHD when standardized diagnostic procedures are followed.

ADHD Prevalence Estimates Across Three Decades: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

Conduct disorder

espanolAntecedentes: a pesar de ser necesario para retrasar la propagacion del COVID-19, el confinamiento podria haber afectado al bienestar emocional de ninos y adolescentes. Conocer que variables estan involucradas en la ansiedad y depresion podria ayudar a prevenir en los ninos los problemas psicologicos asociados al confinamiento lo antes posible. Este estudio transversal tiene como objetivo examinar la sintomatologia ansiosa y depresiva en ninos y adolescentes italianos, espanoles y portugueses, para detectar que variables estan relacionadas con un peor bienestar durante la pandemia. Metodo: los padres de 515 ninos de 3 a 18 anos completaron una evaluacion online. Los sintomas de ansiedad de los ninos se evaluaron con la Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parent Version, y los sintomas depresivos con el Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Parent Version. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias en la ansiedad y la depresion entre paises, con mayor ansiedad en los ninos espanoles, y mayor sintomatologia depresiva en los ninos espanoles e italianos, en comparacion con los portugueses. Los sintomas de ansiedad y depresion eran mas probables en ninos cuyos padres informaron de un mayor nivel de estres. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos se discuten con el proposito de detectar y apoyar a los ninos afectados lo antes posible. EnglishBackground: Despite being necessary to delay the spread of COVID-19, home confinement could have affected the emotional well-being of children and adolescents. Knowing which variables are involved in anxiety and depressive symptoms could help to prevent young people’s psychological problems related to lockdown as early as possible. This cross-sectional study aims to examine anxiety and depressive symptomatology in Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese children and adolescents in order to determine which variables are related to poorer well-being during the pandemic. Method: The parents of 515 children, aged 3-18 years old, completed an online survey. Children´s anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parent Version, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Parent Version. Results: We found differences in anxiety and depression between countries, with higher anxiety scores in Spanish children, and higher depression scores in Spanish and Italian children compared to the Portuguese. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were more likely in children whose parents reported higher levels of stress. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in the light of detecting and supporting affected children as early as possible.

Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Transcultural Approach.

Most mental disorders appear by age 14, but in most cases, they remain undiagnosed and untreated well into adulthood. A scoping review showed an absence of systematic reviews that address prevalence rates of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Europe that are based on community studies conducted between 2015 and 2020. To estimate the updated pooled prevalence of Anxiety Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (SUD), among children and adolescents living in Europe, a search strategy was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Psych Info and studies were also identified from reference lists and gray literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, and bias. Trends of prevalence rates for each mental disorder were calculated. Almost one in five young people in Europe were found to suffer from a mental disorder, with a pooled prevalence rate of 15.5%. Anxiety disorders had the highest pooled prevalence rate (7.9% (95% CI 5.1-11.8%, I2: 98.0%)), followed by ADHD (2.9% (95% CI 1.2-6.9%, I2 = 94.3%)), ODD (1.9% (95% CI 1.0-3.7%, I2 = 98.4%)), depressive disorder (1.7% (95% CI 1.0-2.9%, I2 = 97.7%)), CD (1.5% (95% CI 0.6-3.8%, I2 = 98.8%)) and ASD (1.4% (95% CI 0.4-5.4%, I2 = 99.7%). No studies on SUD were identified. The mental health of children and adolescents may be improved by introducing routine screening, refining diagnostic sensitivity, raising awareness of mental disorders, minimizing stigma and socioeconomic inequality, as well as developing early intervention services. These facilitators of good mental health need to be prioritized, especially at a time of unprecedented risk factors for poor mental health. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-022-02131-2.pdf

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Europe

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in the Child Welfare System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a self-administered, multidimensional, poverty-related quality of life (PQoL) questionnaire for individuals seeking care in emergency departments (EDs): the PQoL-17. Study Design and Setting: The development of the PQoL was undertaken in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The content of the PQoL was derived from 80 interviews with patients seeking care in EDs. Using item response and classical test theories, item reduction was performed in 3 EDs on 300 patients and validation was completed in 10 EDs on 619 patients. Results: The PQoL contains 17 items describing seven dimensions (self-esteem/vitality, psychological well-being, relationships with family, relationships with friends, autonomy, physical well-being/access to care, and future perception). The seven-factor structure accounted for 75.1% of the total variance. This model showed a good fit (indices from the LISREL model: root mean square error of approximation, 0.055; comparative fit index, 0.97; general fit index, 0.96; standardized root mean square residual, 0.058). Each item achieved the 0.40 standard for item internal consistency, and Cronbach a coefficients were O0.70. Significant associations with socioeconomic and clinical indicators showed good discriminant and external validity. Infit statistics ranged from 0.82 to 1.16. Conclusion: The PQoL-17 presents satisfactory psychometric properties and can be completed quickly, thereby fulfilling the goal of

ORIGINAL ARTICLES A poverty-related quality of life questionnaire can help to detect health inequalities in emergency departments

Évaluation de la satisfaction des patients : quels enjeux ?

Relation entre la satisfaction des patients hospitalisés et la qualité des soins

l miglioramento continuo della qualita dell’assi-stenza sanitaria costituisce un obbiettivo quoti-diano sia per gli enti statali che per i professionistiche lavorano nell’ambito della sanita. Un migliora-mento continuo della qualita dell’assistenza sanitariae ovviamente atteso in primo luogo dai pazienti.Una definizione semplificata di buona assistenzasanitaria potrebbe essere il raggiungimento dei“risultati terapeutici desiderati” che sono “in lineacon le conoscenze professionali attuali”. Tuttavia, laqualita dell’assistenza sanitaria viene messa in rela-zione dai professionisti della sanita principalmentecon il mantenimento di un livello corrispondente

/pdf/il-ruolo-della-soddisfazione-del-paziente-nella-valutazione-3ix5ek8ktv.pdf

Il ruolo della soddisfazione del paziente nella valutazione della qualità della chirurgia toracica per carcinoma polmonare

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