NUDGE: IMPROVING DECISIONS ABOUT HEALTH, WEALTH, AND HAPPINESS by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein Penguin Books, 2009, 312 pp, ISBN 978-0-14-311526-7This book is best described formally as a general explanation of and advocacy for libertarian paternalism, a term coined by the authors in earlier publications. Informally, it is about how leaders, systems, organizations, and governments can nudge people to do the things the nudgers want and need done for the betterment of the nudgees, or of society. It is paternalism in the sense that "it is legitimate for choice architects to try to influence people's behavior in order to make their lives longer, healthier, and better", (p. 5) It is libertarian in that "people should be free to do what they like - and to opt out of undesirable arrangements if they want to do so", (p. 5) The built-in possibility of opting out or making a different choice preserves freedom of choice even though people's behavior has been influenced by the nature of the presentation of the information or by the structure of the decisionmaking system. I had never heard of libertarian paternalism before reading this book, and I now find it fascinating.Written for a general audience, this book contains mostly social and behavioral science theory and models, but there is considerable discussion of structure and process that has roots in mathematical and quantitative modeling. One of the main applications of this social system is economic choice in investing, selecting and purchasing products and services, systems of taxes, banking (mortgages, borrowing, savings), and retirement systems. Other quantitative social choice systems discussed include environmental effects, health care plans, gambling, and organ donations. Softer issues that are also subject to a nudge-based approach are marriage, education, eating, drinking, smoking, influence, spread of information, and politics. There is something in this book for everyone.The basis for this libertarian paternalism concept is in the social theory called "science of choice", the study of the design and implementation of influence systems on various kinds of people. The terms Econs and Humans, are used to refer to people with either considerable or little rational decision-making talent, respectively. The various libertarian paternalism concepts and systems presented are tested and compared in light of these two types of people. Two foundational issues that this book has in common with another book, Network of Echoes: Imitation, Innovation and Invisible Leaders, that was also reviewed for this issue of the Journal are that 1 ) there are two modes of thinking (or components of the brain) - an automatic (intuitive) process and a reflective (rational) process and 2) the need for conformity and the desire for imitation are powerful forces in human behavior. …

Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness

The impact of Information communication and computation technology (ICCT)is increasing day by day among different communities throughout the world for obtaining information related to many issues, problems, and their solutions. The growth of ICCT has revolutionized in many sectors of the society and contributing to solve problems related to basic needs, advanced wants, and anticipated desires of the people. Information communication and computation technology has great essence and impact on every business & society. This study made an attempt to determine the effect of ICCT on various industrial sectors including primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. In this paper, we have identified ICCT as a most important general-purpose technology due to its abilities to solve fundamental need-based problems and advanced wants and desires-based problems of society. The paper also discusses the impact of ICCT on conceptual and predictive developments on some industrial sectors like Agriculture, Textile, Education, and Banking. This review provides documentation to guide future research and facilitate knowledge growth and creation relating to the impacts of ICCT on various business sectors. A major finding of this review based on analysis is that ICCT is valuable to the overall growth of an industry, but the level and scopes are in need of internal and external influence, including corresponding organizational resources of the firm and its transaction partners, as well as the competitive and macro environment.

A Review on Impact of Information Communication & Computation Technology (ICCT) on Selected Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Industrial Sectors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of cloud computing (CC) on supply chain management (SCM).Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and based on a literature review and conceptual analysis.FindingsToday, digital technology is the primary enabler of supply chain (SC) competitiveness. CC capabilities support competitive SC challenges through structural flexibility and responsiveness. An Internet platform based on CC and a digital ecosystem can serve as “information cross-docking” between SC stakeholders. In this way, the SC model is transformed from a traditional, linear model to a platform model with the simultaneous cooperation of all partners. Platform-based SCs will be a milestone in the evolution of SCM – here conceptualised as Supply Chain 3.0.Research limitations/implicationsCurrently, SCs managed holistically in cyberspace are rare in practice, and therefore empirical evidence on how digital technologies impact SC competitiveness is required in future research.Practical implicationsThis research generates insights that can help managers understand and develop the next generation of SCM with the use of CC, a modern and commonly available Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tool.Originality/valueThe paper presents a conceptual basis of how CC enables structural flexibility of SCs through easy, real-time resource and capacity reconfiguration. CC not only reduces cost and increases flexibility but also offers an effective solution for disruptive new business models with the potential to revolutionise current SCM thinking.

Next generation supply chain management: the impact of cloud computing

In recent times, rankings seem to play an increasingly important role, influencing the lives of individual researchers or academics and their institutions. Individual and institutional rankings used for promotion and research or academic funding seem to illustrate more and more the “publish or perish” mantra, relying sometimes almost exclusively on publications and their citations. Eastern Europe found itself part of this new world after a period of isolation, uneven for the countries within the area. The present study uses SCImago data to perform a regional analysis of individual and aggregated domains, for individual countries and the entire region, based on a novel “adjusted citation index”, in order to measure the performance and identify, using correlations with additional data and information, the mechanisms that can increase the research performance of a country. In a nutshell, the results indicate that the national research policies are responsible for performance. Adaptive research policies simulate a real performance, in comparison with more restrictive ones, which are more likely to stimulate unethical behaviors such as self-citations or citation stacking, especially when used for the assessment of researchers. The importance of the findings lies in the possibility of replicating the methodology, adapting it to different spatial scales.

An Overview of the Dynamics of Relative Research Performance in Central-Eastern Europe using a Ranking-Based Analysis derived from SCImago Data

The ongoing digital transformation and the digitalisation of services profoundly affect the everyday lives of citizens. Digital transformation's impact is complex and may have both positive and negative consequences on well-being. Particularly in rural areas and shrinking communities, digitalisation and the concentration of services can diminish the level of local services, but digital transformation also promises significant opportunities and benefits to the residents of shrinking and rural communities. This study employed the environmental scanning and futures wheel methodologies to assess the current and future impact of digital transformation and information and communications technology on residents' well-being in shrinking Finnish communities. The results indicate that this impact is more positive than negative, as digitalisation enables multiple services that were previously lacking in these locations. Digitalisation and the rise of remote working can also bring new opportunities and residents to rural and shrinking communities. 

Digital transformation, well-being and shrinking communities: Narrowing the divides between urban and rural

Using a case study of the Economic and Law Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, we find that domestic rankings greatly distort researchers’ publication preferences. This finding is contrary to the importance of international journal rankings, such as the SCOPUS Scimago journal ranking or the Web of Science Impact Factor. We found inconsistencies between international and domestic standards and differences between the eight committees of the academic department. Based on an exploratory empirical analysis of 4213 journals spanning eight different scientific committees of social science areas (business, law, demography, sociology, regional studies, world economics, military science and political science), we prove that a key reason for Hungary’s decreasing rank in international visibility is the inconsistently strong bias for domestic journals. We show that inconsistency of ranking fairness determines the behavior of researchers; this motivational effect is especially important in small countries in which local relevance often offsets the importance of mainstream international discourses. This problem is attenuated with the digital transformation of science; online repositories, indexing systems and online visibility have become key enablers of evidence-based assessments of publication performance.

/pdf/exploring-the-influence-of-scientific-journal-ranking-on-15x6xaw00i.pdf

Exploring the influence of scientific journal ranking on publication performance in the Hungarian social sciences: the case of law and economics

This paper analyses the present role and use of the traditional transportation measurement, namely
the (freight)tonne-kilometre. It is argued that this measurement has some limitations to assess properly
the real transportation work, and not to characterise the importance of
transport modes. Other
measurement methods should have to taken into consideration. Monetarisation of transport services or
derivative measurement could be the key to properly characterise differentiated freight transport
activities and support decision making on both macro- and microeconomic level.

The measurement of the performance of freight transportation

In the last ten years the continuous growth of internet penetration and the wider palette for spreading ICT tools have changed the availability and quantity of information, communications methods and the learning processes. ICT tools are already extensively used in education and we have reached the turning point when, after the era of PCs and laptops, e-learning based on internet connected tablet PCs is here. This educational model, developed on a radically new basis, poses a number of questions and is going to affect social processes at macroeconomic levels. We analysed the possible future impacts of widespread ICT tools in education by applying the Futures Wheel method. This method gives a base for scenario building. Of the possible impacts of ICT tools, we highlighted two: the aspect of physical, mental and social existence and that of knowledge-searching and sharing. On these grounds, we drew up four scenarios: 1. Healthy, knowledge based net-society, 2. Antisocial impersonal knowledge-society, 3. Lonely ill rebels, 4. Limited information-society.

Impact of ICT Based Education on the Information Society

In this paper, it is indicated how important the development and
implementation of quality systems are for the transport-logistic service providers. It
can be stated that ISO 9002 system standard is the right solution, however,
it requires significant professional efforts to adapt this standard because of
the special characteristics of transport-logistic services. This paper tries to
explore the methodological background of the implementation with practical
examples.

Management-concept and quality-strategic elements of transport-logistic services

The overuse or groundless use of linearity, that is the fallacy of omnipotent linearity, intertwines our everyday lives and decisions. The misconception of linearity is not an isolated phenomenon, yet we do not handle this question in the proper way. The examples of MPG (Miles per Gallon) and MPH (Miles per Hour) or driving speed have something else in common: there is a widely used indicator conveying a false impression about the nature and physical, economical effects of the described phenomena by creating the illusion of linearity, leading to faulty decisions. In this paper, I show the common cases where we often make linear mistakes, and for which I can give illustrations drawn from scientific publications or everyday examples. Fresh survey research has been done in order to reveal the presence of linearity in the daily decision-making in terms of its groundless use. The article also identifies some common roots to the problem; it also outlines the psychological mechanisms and possible policies to help avoid them.

/pdf/the-groundless-use-of-linearity-in-daily-thinking-and-1ajkqkjw6p.pdf

The Groundless Use of Linearity in Daily Thinking and Decision-making

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