A changing job market, influenced by different factors such as globalization and demographic growth, urges close monitoring. The digitization of the job market has given the opportunity to researchers to better understand job market needs as job postings/ads become more accessible. However, such postings are submitted in unstructured text and need further processing to identify the required skills. The aim of this survey is to review current research on skill identification from job ads and to discuss possible future research directions. In this study, we systematically reviewed 108 research articles on the topic. In particular, we evaluated and classified the prior work aiming to identify the skill bases used for analyzing job market needs; the type of extracted skills; the skill identification methods; the studied sector and the skill identification granularity. Then, we categorized the existent applications and goals of skill identification. Finally, we present key challenges and discuss recent trends.

/pdf/a-survey-on-skill-identification-from-online-job-ads-4rdreyy5ek.pdf

A Survey on Skill Identification From Online Job Ads

Crowdwork conducted via digital platforms is a young form of work, but a growing part of the gig economy. Typical for crowdwork is low pay, volatile income streams and no social security benefits. ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1035304620959750

Justice expectations in crowd and platform-mediated work:

textCrowdsourcing data collection from research participants recruited from online labor markets is now common in cognitive science. We review who is in the crowd and who can be reached by the average laboratory. We discuss reproducibility and review some recent methodological innovations for online experiments. We consider the design of research studies and arising ethical issues. We review how to code experiments for the web, what is known about video and audio presentation, and the measurement of reaction times. We close with comments about the high levels of experience of many participants and an emerging tragedy of the commons. In the next few years we estimate nearly half of all cognitive science research articles will involve samples of participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk and other crowdsourcing platforms.We review the technical aspects of programming for the web and the resources available to experimenters.Crowdsourcing of participants offers a ready and very different complement to the traditional college student samples, and much is now known about the reproducibility of findings with crowdsourced samples.The population which we are sampling from is surprisingly small and highly experienced in cognitive science experiments, and this non-naivete affects responses to frequently used measures.The larger sample sizes that crowdsourcing affords bode well for addressing aspects of the replication crisis, but a possible tragedy of the commons looms now that cognitive scientists increasingly share the same participants.

Crowdsourcing Samples in Cognitive Science

Some businesses gained from the COVID-19 pandemic, but the overall effect on demand for IT work is negative due to the recession. We may recover from it, once we can handle the medical problems, bu...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10580530.2020.1820638

Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for IT Work


Purpose
Despite the popularity of gig employment amid the changing business landscape, gig scholarship is somewhat limited and the untold reality about gig is yet to be fully revealed. This study aims to critically address the nature of gig employment, its ambiguities, evolution, theoretical premises and the appropriate future road ahead.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a dual analytical approach – bibliometric and thematic analyses. After incorporating the exclusion–inclusion criteria, the authors identified 2,135 articles for the bibliometric analyses by using VOSviewer. Additionally, for the deep-delving synthesis, the authors conducted thematic analyses following Braun and Clarke (2006), based on 351 papers.


Findings
The findings revealed that gig work, in its different forms, is emerging as an alternative work arrangement with respect to the future of work. This study also identified multilevel perspectives of gig employment along with its holistic nomological network. Finally, this study offers some critical research directions that should help enhance the theoretical and practical strengths of this nascent scholarship in future.


Research limitations/implications
The review findings are limited in nature owing to the paucity of quality research papers published in the said domain.


Practical implications
The paper brings more clarity to what gig is and isn’t, along with its critical perspectives from multilevel lenses.


Originality/value
This paper identifies critical perspectives related to gig work and suggests appropriate directions for future gig work related scholarship.


The gig verse: building a sustainable future

Reviewing and rating are important features of many social media websites, but they are found on many e-commerce sites too. The combination of social interaction and e-commerce is sometimes referred to as social commerce to indicate that people are supporting each other in the process of buying goods and services. Rgeviews of other consumers have a significant effect on consumer choice because they are usually considered authentic and more trustworthy than information presented by a vendor. The collaborative effort of consumers helps to make the right purchase decision (or prevent from a wrong one). The effect of reviews has often been researched in terms of helpfulness as indicated by their readers. Images are an important factor of helpfulness in reviews of experience goods where personal tastes and use play an important role. We extend this research to search goods where objective characteristics seem to prevail. In addition, we analyze potential interaction with other variables. The empirical study is performed with regression analyses on 3,483 search good reviews from Amazon.com followed by a matched pair analysis of 186 review pairs. We find that images have a significant positive effect on helpfulness of reviews of search goods too. This is especially true in case of short and ambiguous reviews.

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/journals/roms/18/1/article-p43.pdf

Influence of Images in Online Reviews for Search Goods on Helpfulness

Crowdwork has become a powerful tool for businesses and researchers to get work done in a fast, convenient, and cheap way. On one hand, literature suggests that high data quality can even be achieved with poor payment which has become common practice in crowdwork. On the other hand, recent research and ethical considerations suggest that poor payments and especially a low perceived fairness in pay may come at a price. Crowdworkers may put less effort in a task, stop working for a business/researcher, or even leave the crowdsourcing platform entirely. Therefore, we develop a model in this paper to understand how perceived fairness in pay is formed before task execution. If it is only measured after task execution, we miss the “voice” of those who did not even attempt to take on a task. Therefore, we test the effect of perceived fairness in pay on actual task execution and whether it changes after task execution.

Antecedents of Perceived Fairness in Pay for Microtask Crowdwork

Microtasks accomplished by humans are used in many corners of the Internet. They help to make decisions where it is not possible to rely on algorithms (yet) like insult detection or fake reviews. P...

Silence of crowdworkers—reasons and implications for work conditions and quality

We examine jobs on a popular freelancing platform that are marked or described as potentially ongoing jobs. We consider them to have characteristics of outsourcing tasks, but they are geared towards individuals rather than companies. Our empirical research shows that such jobs are offered in programming like in traditional IT outsourcing but also in many Internet-related jobs like content writing and writing in social media, search engine advertising, or e-mail marketing. Most employers are located in the U.S. or other English-speaking countries. This makes English language skills very valuable. The data indicate that jobs are often outsourced to countries with lower wage levels. However, employers often try to outsource them to the country where they are located, or at least to a country in a similar time-zone. In such cases, they are obviously willing to pay more for the work in order to have better communication possibilities. Outsourcing to individuals creates opportunities for these individuals. However, given their relatively weak position towards outsourcing companies they risk more and probably earn less than employees in these companies or at outsourcing suppliers.

Outsourcing and Offshoring to Individuals.

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