In contemporary literature on changing urban systems, it is often argued that the traditional central place conceptualisation is outdated and should be replaced by a network view that emphasises the increasing criss-crossing pattern of interdependencies between spatial units. This paper tests for urban network development by looking at commuting patterns in the Greater South East UK. The analysis is based on census commuting interaction data for three points in time during the past three decades (1981, 1991, and 2001). Although the empirical results indicate that the Greater South East UK can still not be characterized as a polycentric urban region or integrated urban network, there is some evidence for urban network development at the local, intra-urban, level as well as a decentralization of the system at the regional, inter-urban, level.

/pdf/functional-polycentrism-and-urban-network-development-in-the-488qexfr1p.pdf

Functional Polycentrism and Urban Network Development in the Greater South East, United Kingdom: Evidence from Commuting Patterns, 1981–2001

This paper examines the position of the ‘interlocking network model’ for studying world-city networks in the context of an increasingly diverse literature on cities in globalization. The argument b...

Central flow theory: comparative connectivities in the world-city network

With the aim of identifying emerging patterns of spatial development and the driving forces behind the associated process, in this article we draw together two threads of interlinked phenomena. First, we look at how multi-location firms from the knowledge economy develop their intra-firm networks internationally. Second, we establish the partners with which these firms have working relationships along individual chains of value, and in which these extra-firm linkages are located. We start from a conceptual background that combines the location behaviour of firms with a value chain approach. We analyse the two main pillars of the knowledge economy – advanced producer services (APS) and high-tech firms. A case study carried out in the greater Munich area provides the empirical basis and draws on quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results provide evidence that the greater Munich area can be regarded simultaneously as a hierarchically organized polycentric mega-city region and high-grade localized system of value chains.

/pdf/intra-firm-and-extra-firm-linkages-in-the-knowledge-economy-1ghpv27243.pdf

Intra‐firm and extra‐firm linkages in the knowledge economy: the case of the emerging mega‐city region of Munich

This paper examines the intra- and inter-firm producer service linkages and city connectivity of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the fastest growing and globalising mega-city regions in China. The study reveals that the rapid growth of producer services in the recent two decades has emerged as a crucial contributor to the formation of the regional network that was previously shaped mainly by manufacturing activities. To provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of mega-city regions, a nexus between the literature on globalisation and mega-city regions and the studies on the service economy must be developed to consider not only intra-firm office connections, but also the linkages of producer services between different firms and economic sectors. Through a questionnaire survey covering 1020 producer service firms in three major PRD cities, we provide evidence that in a manner different from manufacturing activities, producer services linkages, both intra-firm and inter-firm, bind the cities into a hierarchical and localised regional system

Producer service linkages and city connectivity in the mega-city region of China: A case study of the Pearl River Delta:

Thierstein A., Luthi S., Kruse C., Gabi S. and Glanzmann L. Changing value chain of the Swiss knowledge economy: spatial impact of intra-firm and inter-firm networks within the emerging Mega-City Region of Northern Switzerland, Regional Studies. Based on an empirical analysis of intra-firm and inter-firm connectivities, this paper focuses on the spatial behaviour of advanced producer services (APS) firms and their relevance for polycentricity in the emerging Mega-City Region of Northern Switzerland. APS firms are found to be the main drivers of the emerging Mega-City Region. Although Zurich seems to be the central node in national APS networks, it is the complementary combination of Zurich and Basel, together with some secondary centres, that raises the emerging Mega-City Region to a competitive level in the context of the global economy. Thierstein A., Luthi S., Kruse C., Gabi S. et Glanzmann L. L'evolution de la chaine des valeurs dans l'economie de la connaissance suisse – l'impact geographique des res...

Changing Value Chain of the Swiss Knowledge Economy: Spatial Impact of Intra-firm and Inter-firm Networks within the Emerging Mega-City Region of Northern Switzerland

Raumentwicklung im Verborgenen. Untersuchungen und Handlungsfelder für die Entwicklung der Metropolregion Nordschweiz

This paper proposes the emergence of two metropolitan regions in Switzerland, the Arc Lemanique and the Zuerich-Basel metropolitan region, whose perimeters extend far beyond existing political and administrative structures. However current spatial development policies in the light of this metropolitan notion reveal that policy-makers have neglected the impact of the increase in knowledge-intensive economies and international relations, which leads to spatial reorganization of the country. Governance responses at the scale of the metropolitan region to the needs of the expanding knowledge economy are needed. Here we propose a combination of policies, the so-called 'tripod' of spatial planning, regional policies and international location marketing. Concerted actions from the three policy fields will enhance the chance of shaping liveable urban landscapes. A necessary and important step still lies ahead: shaping awareness of the metropolitan reality in Switzerland. (A)

Governance Strategies for the Zuerich-Basel Metropolitan Region in Switzerland

European Metropolitan Region Northern Switzerland: Driving Agents for Spatial Development and Governance Responses

The concept of Â‘polycentric spatial developmentÂ’, a central principle of the European Spatial Development Perspective, is closely linked to the concept of Â‘sustainable urban developmentÂ’. But Â‘polycentricityÂ’ has different significance at different spatial scales. Within a European context, polycentricity can refer to functional connectivity (supported by developments in ICT and transportation), between global Â“gatewayÂ” cities such as London, Paris and Frankfurt on the one hand, and the utilisation of global economic and knowledge flows coming into these cities for the benefit of other EU cities and regions on the other hand. At a finer geographical scale, Â‚polycentricityÂ’ refers to outward diffusion from major cities to smaller ones over a wide area, and focuses on the local linkages that arise from this process. POLYNET is a joint research program of eight European university institutes, funded by the EU program Interreg IIIB Northwestern Europe (NWE). The project is focusing attention on a new phenomenon as far as it refers to the polycentric Â‘Mega-City-RegionÂ’ in NWE which in turn is characterised by connectivity in an Â‘informationÂ’ or Â‘networkÂ’ society. POLYNET examines functional relationships and information flows (material/transportation and virtual/ICT) associated with service sector business activity (banking, insurance, law, accounting, advertising, logistics, management and design consulting) within and between eight major Northwest European polycentric Â‘Mega-City-RegionsÂ’: South East England; Delta Metropolis, Netherlands; Rhine-Main, Germany; AŽle-de-France; Dublin, Ireland; Northern Switzerland / Zurich; Rhine-Ruhr, Germany and Brussels, Belgium. The paper first presents the methodological and empirical approaches applied, secondly identifies the polycentric patterns of the European Metropolitan Region of Northern Switzerland / Zurich. A third section describes the analysis of connectivity and inter-relationship of the metropolitan region of Northern Switzerland with regard to other polycentric metropolitan regions. Section four presents an outlook on potential implications for sustainable management of the metropolitan region of Northern Switzerland.

Polycentricity and metropolitan governance. A Swiss case study

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