Medical-eligibility criteria for contraceptive use.

Contraceptive efficacy and cycle control with the Ortho Evra/Evra transdermal system: the analysis of pooled data.

BACKGROUNDCombined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce levels of androgen especially testosterone (T) by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal androgen synthesis and by increasing levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Although this suppressive effect has been investigated by numerous studies over many years to our knowledge no systematic review concerning this issue had been performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of COCs on concentrations of total T free T and SHBG in healthy women and to evaluate differences between the various types of COCs (e.g. estrogen dose type of progestin) and the assays used to assess total T and free T.METHODSA review of the literature was performed using database searches (MEDLINE EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials) and all publications (from inception date until July 2012) investigating the effect of COCs on androgen levels in healthy women were considered eligible for selection. Three reviewers were involved in study selection data extraction and critical appraisal. For the meta-analysis data on total T free T and SHBG were extracted and combined using random effects analysis. Additional subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate differences between the various types of COCs (e.g. estrogen dose type of progestin) and the assays used to assess total T or free T.RESULTSA total of 151 records were identified by systematic review and 42 studies with a total of 1495 healthy young women (age range: 18-40 years) were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies were experimental studies and 21 were non-comparative. Pooling of the results derived from all the included papers showed that total T levels significantly decreased during COC use [mean difference (MD) (95% confidence interval CI) -0.49 nmol/l (-0.55 -0.42); P < 0.001]. Significantly lower levels of free T were also found [relative change (95% CI) 0.39 (0.35 0.43); P < 0.001] with a mean decrease of 61%. On the contrary SHBG concentrations significantly increased during all types of COC use [MD (95% CI) 99.08 nmol/l (86.43 111.73); P < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses revealed that COCs containing 20-25 microg EE had similar effects on total and free T compared with COCs with 30-35 microg EE. In addition suppressive effects on T levels were not different when comparing different types of progestins. However subgroup analyses for the estrogen dose and the progestin type in relation to changes in SHBG levels did show significant differences: COCs containing second generation progestins and/or the lower estrogen doses (20-25 microg EE) were found to have less impact on SHBG concentrations.CONCLUSIONSThe current literature review and meta-analysis demonstrates that COCs decrease circulating levels of total T and free T and increase SBHG concentrations. Due to the SHBG increase free T levels decrease twice as much as total T. The estrogen dose and progestin type of the COC do not influence the decline of total and free T but both affect SHBG. The clinical implications of suppressed androgen levels during COC use remain to be elucidated.

/pdf/the-effect-of-combined-oral-contraception-on-testosterone-565dr70416.pdf

The effect of combined oral contraception on testosterone levels in healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on in vitro fertilization (IVF) data and outcomes among poor-responder patients. METHODS A randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted. All patients received the long-protocol IVF. Those in the study group received 75 mg of DHEA once a day before starting the next IVF cycle and during treatment. RESULTS Thirty-three women with significantly diminished ovarian reserves were enrolled, 17 in the DHEA group and 16 in the control group. The 33 patients underwent 51 IVF cycles. The DHEA group demonstrated a non-significant improvement in estradiol levels on day of hCG (P = 0.09) and improved embryo quality during treatment (P = 0.04) between first and second cycles. Patients in the DHEA group also had a significantly higher live birth rate compared with controls (23.1% versus 4.0%; P = 0.05), respectively. Six of seven deliveries were among patients with secondary infertility (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation can have a beneficial effect on ovarian reserves for poor-responder patients on IVF treatment. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01145144.

/pdf/addition-of-dehydroepiandrosterone-dhea-for-poor-responder-32cn8myr62.pdf

Addition of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for poor-responder patients before and during IVF treatment improves the pregnancy rate: A randomized prospective study

Non-invasive systemic drug delivery: developability considerations for alternate routes of administration.

https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(01)03261-7/pdf

Pharmacokinetic overview of Ortho Evra/Evra.

Progesterone pharmacokinetic study.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Larry S. Abrams

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Pharmacokinetic overview of Ortho Evra/Evra.

Progesterone pharmacokinetic study.