ChlorhexidineAlcohol versus PovidoneIodine for Surgical-Site Antisepsis

Cancer and anticancer treatments can lead to several negative side effects, including malnutrition. Despite the recognized need for adequate nutritional support in cancer patients, in daily clinical practice, nutrition is still not considered one of the first aspects to be considered. Malnutrition negatively affects the clinical outcomes, treatment response, and overall survival of cancer patients. In this study, three of the most controversial issues related to malnutrition, which emerged during an Italian Consensus Conference, were addressed specifically for patients with head and neck as well as gastrointestinal cancer. The timing of nutritional evaluation and intervention, extension of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) protocols, and cost-effectiveness of nutritional interventions have been considered. This study aimed to illustrate the state-of-the art of each issue and hypothesize future perspectives and actions to be taken, trying to suggest a new nutritional management model for cancer patients in Italy that overcomes the critical issues encountered. Of note, the timely diagnosis of nutritional issue appears to be essential to ensure the correct management of malnourished cancer patients as well as those who are at high risk of malnutrition. Standardized protocols, screening tests, and the inclusion of nutritional parameters in patient medical records would help to achieve good clinical outcomes. Finally, appropriate nutritional support is also associated with cost savings, and it seems necessary to promote its clinical and economic value to obtain improvements in both outcomes and management costs.

Malnutrition management in oncology: An expert view on controversial issues and future perspectives

Although there is clear evidence that an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program in colorectal surgery leads to significantly reduced morbidity rates and length of hospital stay (LOS), it is still unclear what modalities and levels of implementation of the program are necessary to achieve these results. The purpose of this study is to analyze the methods and results of the first year of structured implementation of a colorectal ERAS program in two surgical units of the Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale (ASUR) Marche in Italy. A two-center observational study on a prospectively maintained database was performed on 196 consecutive colorectal resections (excluding emergencies and American Society of Anesthesiologists class > III cases) over a 1-year period. More than 50 variables including adherence to the individual items of the ERAS program were considered. Primary outcomes were overall morbidity, major morbidity, mortality and anastomotic leakage rates; secondary outcomes were LOS, re-admission and re-operation. The results were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses through logistic regression. After a median follow-up of 39.5 days, we recorded complications in 72 patients (overall morbidity 36.7%), major complications in 14 patients (major morbidity 7.1%), 6 deaths (mortality 3.1%), anastomotic dehiscence in 9 cases (4.9%), mean overall LOS of 6.6 days, 10 readmissions (5.1%) and 13 reoperations (6.7%). The mean adherence rate to the items of the ERAS program was 85.4%, showing a significant dose–effect curve for overall and major morbidity rates, anastomotic leakage rates and LOS. The implementation methods of a colorectal ERAS program in this study led to a high adherence (> 80%) to the program items. High adherence had significant effects also on major morbidity and anastomotic leakage rates.

ERAS pathway in colorectal surgery: structured implementation program and high adherence for improved outcomes.

Catheter-associated urinary-tract infection.

Gastrointestinal decompression after excision and anastomosis of lower digestive tract

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway is a multi-disciplinary, patient-centered protocol relying on the implementation of the best evidence-based perioperative practice. In the field of colorectal surgery, the application of ERAS programs is associated with up to 50% reduction of morbidity rates and up to 2.5 days reduction of postoperative hospital stay. However, widespread adoption of ERAS pathways is still yet to come, mainly because of the lack of proper information and communication. Purpose of this paper is to support the diffusion of ERAS pathways through a critical review of the existing evidence by members of the two national societies dealing with ERAS pathways in Italy, the PeriOperative Italian Society (POIS) and the Associazione Italiana Chirurghi Ospedalieri (ACOI), showing the results of a consensus development conference held at Matera, Italy, during the national ACOI Congress on June 10, 2019.

Enhanced recovery pathways in colorectal surgery: a consensus paper by the Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani (ACOI) and the PeriOperative Italian Society (POIS).

La pena accessoria della decadenza dai parental rights e la Corte EDU. Riflessioni a partire dal caso M.D. and Others v. Malta

Le scelte del legislatore in materia di repressione dei maltrattamenti e della violenza com-messi in ambito familiare sono state frequentemente orientate verso un'estensione della rile-vanza penale e un inasprimento del trattamento sanzionatorio. In tempi più recenti, è aumen-tata la consapevolezza della necessità di un potenziamento degli strumenti giuridici di natura preventiva e di quelli finalizzati a indagare le ragioni della criminalità violenta nelle relazioni strette e la sfera psicologica dell'autore di reato. La sanzione penale, infatti, non può risulta-re da sola risolutiva dei problemi di tutela sollecitati da questa forma di criminalità. È stata progressivamente riconosciuta, dunque, l'importanza di affiancare ai tradizionali strumenti di natura punitiva anche misure di natura preventiva. Queste ultime si propongono il duplice scopo di attuare un intervento tempestivo, idoneo a evitare conseguenze più gravi per la persona offesa e, nello stesso tempo, a consentire al soggetto agente di avviare un percorso psicologico di revisione critica del proprio comportamento, prima che lo stesso divenga abi-tuale o possa connotarsi di maggiore gravità, risultando meritevole di una risposta sanziona-toria ancor più severa. Oltre agli strumenti di natura strettamente sanzionatoria, una maggio-re consapevolezza culturale del problema e adeguate politiche sociali costituiscono compo-nenti essenziali di una strategia a lungo termine e meglio strutturata ai fini del contrasto della violenza domestica.

Dalla prevenzione al trattamento. Autori di maltrattamenti e di violenza domestica e problemi di effettività della tutela penale

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Enhanced recovery pathways in colorectal surgery: a consensus paper by the Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani (ACOI) and the PeriOperative Italian Society (POIS).

La pena accessoria della decadenza dai parental rights e la Corte EDU. Riflessioni a partire dal caso M.D. and Others v. Malta

Dalla prevenzione al trattamento. Autori di maltrattamenti e di violenza domestica e problemi di effettività della tutela penale