Possible sources of rare earth elements near different classes of road in Poland and their phytoextraction to herbaceous plant species.

Aims
Rare earth elements (REEs) and normalized REE patterns determined in plant and soil samples represent powerful tools to trace biogeochemical processes during weathering, soil genesis and processes in the rhizosphere, and thus publications reporting rare earth elements and normalized REE patterns in soil systems and plants are rapidly increasing. 
Methods 
A normalized REE pattern allows for the recognition of an anomalous concentrations of an individual REE. In the literature anomalies are predominantly reported/focused for/on the redox-sensitive elements cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu) that can shift their oxidation state during interactions with organic and inorganic soil phases and the biological processes affecting their mobility in soil and uptake by plants. Thus positive Eu anomalies in plants are often interpreted as a consequence of reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in the rhizosphere followed by a preferential uptake of Eu2+.
Results
Due to an analytical artefact in ICP-MS analysis, a false Eu anomaly may be reported. This can be avoided by using a barium (Ba) interference correction. We draw attention to the possibility of this problem and to being aware of its potential occurrence when Eu anomalies are reported
Conclusions
We recommend (i) including information on how this potential problem was dealt with in the Materials and Methods section of articles and (ii) how to implement Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusability (FAIR) guiding principles in that section (including data availability in an open repository).

The ‘europium anomaly’ in plants: facts and fiction

Rare earth elements in tea garden soils and their bioavailability to tea buds in Taiwan.

Geochemical Characteristics and Factors of Transfer and Accumulation of Rare Earth Elements in Rock- Soil -Tea System

Rare earth elements (REEs) in tea are usually determined by the soil, but their transfer characteristics and influencing factors have been rarely studied and reported. In order to determine the transfer and accumulation characteristics of REEs, rock, soil, and tea samples were collected in the Mengku tea region. Levels of 15 REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y) in samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that light rare earth elements (LREEs) were easily enriched in rock, soil, and tea. The average total concentration of REEs in investigated rocks was 199 mg·kg−1, which was lower than the element abundance of China’s continental crust but higher than the standard value of element abundance in the upper continental crust (UCC). The average total REE concentration in the investigated soil was 225 mg·kg−1, which was lower than the background value of soil in Yunnan Province. The chondrite-normalized levels of Ce and Eu in rocks and Eu in soil showed negative anomalies, while Ce levels in soil showed slightly positive anomalies. The total amount of REEs in tea was relatively low and the chondrite-normalized values of Eu in tea showed significantly positive anomalies. Eu anomalies in tea were closely correlated with soil pH (pH < 5, negative anomalies; pH > 5, positive anomalies). K, Na, Ca, and Mg were the main factors affecting the transfer of REEs. LREEs were mainly enriched in tea through Na+ channels. Mg and K affected the differentiation and enrichment of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in tea. Calcium showed a significantly positive correlation with Eu in tea. The human health risk assessment showed that the risk of drinking tea to the human body was far below the reference value. Ce, Y, and La in tea were the main elements that affected non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/4836/pdf?version=1678327638

Geochemical Characteristics and Factors of Transfer and Accumulation of Rare Earth Elements in Rock-Soil-Tea of the Mengku Tea Region in Yunnan Province, China

The geochemical behavior of rare earth elements (REE) has been mainly investigated in geological systems where they represent the best proxies for processes occurring at the interface between different media. REE concentrations, normalized with respect to the upper continental crust, were used to assess their behavior. In this study, REE geochemical behavior was investigated in plant shoots of a facultative metallophyte naturally growing in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). Anisopappus chinensis and rooting zone soil samples (n=80) were collected in four natural sites with contrasting pedogeological environments (e.g., parent rock type, pH, organic matter content) and highly variable REE contents. Soil and plant REE concentrations and chemical soil factors were was analyzed by ICP-MS, to examine relationships between soil factor and REE accumulation in plants. REE uptake by plants was primarily correlated with their concentrations and/or their speciation in the soil as previously shown in the literature. Results of this study show that REE patterns in shoots are relatively flat whereas soils are enriched in middle REE. The geochemical behavior of REE illustrates that metals accumulation in aerial parts of A. chinensis is most probably driven by mechanisms involving REE complexation processes in the rhizosphere.

/pdf/relationships-between-soil-chemical-properties-and-rare-246t5v5fz8.pdf

Relationships between soil chemical properties and rare earth element concentrations in the aboveground biomass of a tropical herbaceous plant

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Relationships between soil chemical properties and rare earth element concentrations in the aboveground biomass of a tropical herbaceous plant