Large biobanks, such as the UK Biobank (UKB), enable massive phenome by genome-wide association studies that elucidate genetic etiology of complex traits. However, individuals from diverse genetic ancestry groups are often excluded from association analyses due to concerns about population structure introducing false positive associations. Here, we generate mixed model associations and meta-analyses across genetic ancestry groups, inclusive of a larger fraction of the UKB than previous efforts, to produce freely-available summary statistics for 7,271 traits. We build a quality control and analysis framework informed by genetic architecture. Overall, we identify 14,676 significant loci in the meta-analysis that were not found in the European genetic ancestry group alone, including novel associations for example between CAMK2D and triglycerides. We also highlight associations from ancestry-enriched variation, including a known pleiotropic missense variant in G6PD associated with several biomarker traits. We release these results publicly alongside FAQs that describe caveats for interpretation of results, enhancing available resources for interpretation of risk variants across diverse populations.

Pan-UK Biobank GWAS improves discovery, analysis of genetic architecture, and resolution into ancestry-enriched effects

Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence of the disease among children has been increasing. The pathogenesis of UC has not been elucidated, but dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is considered the main cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of probiotics on UC and the potential mechanisms involved. In animal studies, probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms of UC, including weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and a shortened colon length, while also restoring intestinal microecological homeostasis, improving gut barrier function, modulating the intestinal immune response, and attenuating intestinal inflammation, thereby providing theoretical support for the development of probiotic-based microbial products as an adjunctive therapy for UC. However, the efficacy of probiotics is influenced by factors such as the bacterial strain, dose, and form. Hence, the mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. Relevant clinical trials are currently lacking, so the extension of animal experimental findings to clinical application requires a longer period of consideration for validation.

/pdf/probiotics-for-the-treatment-of-ulcerative-colitis-a-review-23zaf736.pdf

Probiotics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a review of experimental research from 2018 to 2022

Abstract Crohn’s disease is a complex, relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a variable disease course. While the treatment options for Crohn’s disease have dramatically increased over the past two decades, predicting individual patient response to treatment remains a challenge. As a result, patients often cycle through multiple different therapies before finding an effective treatment which can lead to disease complications, increased costs, and decreased quality of life. Recently, there has been increased emphasis on personalized medicine in Crohn’s disease to identify individual patients who require early advanced therapy to prevent complications of their disease. In this review, we summarize our current approach to management of Crohn’s disease by identifying risk factors for severe or disabling disease and tailoring individual treatments to patient-specific goals. Lastly, we outline our knowledge gaps in implementing personalized Crohn’s disease treatment and describe the future directions in precision medicine.

Personalized Treatment for Crohn’s Disease: Current Approaches and Future Directions

Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association analyses enhance discovery and resolution of ancestry-enriched effects

Genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases across East Asian and European ancestries

Objective We assessed levels of anxiety and depression in patients with Crohn disease (CD) to identify predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods In this case-control study, we enrolled 50 adult patients with CD and 50 matched, healthy controls. All participants completed self-administered questionnaires including the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ, patients only). We analyzed the relationship between HRQOL and influencing factors. Results Mean total scores on the SAS, SDS, and SF-36 were significantly different between patients and controls. IBDQ scores among patients in the active phase of CD were significantly lower than those in remission phase. SF-36 scores were significantly lower in patients with CD compared with healthy controls. SF-36 scores among patients with active CD were significantly lower than scores among those in remission, and SF-36 scores in patients without complications were significantly higher than in those with complications. SF-36 scores in patients with good nutritional status were also significantly higher than scores in malnourished patients with CD. Conclusions Depression, anxiety, disease activity, complications, and nutritional status were predictive factors of decreased HRQOL in patients with CD.

Evaluation of health-related quality of life and influencing factors in patients with Crohn disease

Objective
To analyze the relationship between thyroid function and grades of diabetic nephropathy(DN).


Methods
One hundred and twenty patients with definite DN were classified into the four groups, and forty patients with non- DN diabetic was NDN group. Their serum albumin, blood hemoglobin, serum potassium, functional parameters of thyroid and dependability to DN were analyzed.


Results
The plasma albumin ofⅢ,ⅣandⅤgroup were(41.3±3.6)g/L,(30.5±4.8)g/L and(28.3±5.9)g/L,which were lower than those of NDN group(F= 11.36,P< 0.05).24h urine protein of Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤwere(0.48±0.29)g,(1.86 ±0.54)g and(1.69±0.67)g,which were higher than those of group NDN(F= 7.12,P< 0.05). Triiodothyronine (T3)ofⅢ,ⅣandⅤgroup were(0.98±0.38)nmol/L,(0.75±0.41)nmol/L and(0.60±0.28)nmol/L,which were lower than those of NDN group(F= 7.64,P<0.05).Tetraiodothyronine(T4)of III,IV and V group were(6.06±1.76)nmol/L,(5.31±1.98)nmol/L and(4.65±1.87)nmol/L,which were lower than those of NDN group(F= 6.83,P<0.05).Free Triiodothyronine(FT3)ofⅢ,ⅣandⅤgroup were(4.37±2.12)pmol/L,(3.33±2.30) pmol/L and(2.91±1.82)pmol/L,which were lower than those of NDN group(F= 7.14,P< 0.05).Correlation analysis indicated that FT3 was an independent predictor for the severity of diabetic nephropathy.


Conclusion
In the patients with DNⅣ and Ⅴ,DN has attained a very severe status and the treatment of DN should be intensive.


Key words: 
Diabetic nephropathies; Thyroid function

The correlation analysis between type 2 diabetic nephropathy severity and thyroid function

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Genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases across East Asian and European ancestries

Evaluation of health-related quality of life and influencing factors in patients with Crohn disease

The correlation analysis between type 2 diabetic nephropathy severity and thyroid function