This paper presents a survey on the state-of-the-art of timber-concrete composite research in the past and recent years. The most important literature references were carefully selected and reviewed to provide an overview and some depth in the development of this construction technique. After highlighting the advantages of the composite system, the standards and design methods currently available are presented. An extensive description of the connection systems developed around the world is also provided. The experimental and numerical investigations performed on connections and beams in both the short- and long-term (at collapse and under sustained load, respectively) are discussed at length in the paper. Other aspects covered are prefabrication, the influence of concrete properties, fatigue tests, fire resistance, vibrations, and acoustics.

State of the Art on Timber-Concrete Composite Structures: Literature Review

Time-dependent behaviour of timber–concrete composite floors with prefabricated concrete slabs

In conventional timber–concrete composite (TCC) beams, timber joists and concrete slabs are connected permanently; however, the permanent timber–concrete connections can hinder repairing and reusing of structural components and accordingly it reduces the sustainability of construction. This paper deals with development and structural performance of a few novel deconstructable TCC connections that can facilitate recycling and reusing of construction materials. The structural performance of 16 different sets of novel deconstructable TCC connections under shear loads is investigated by push-out tests followed by bending tests on nine TCC beams under service and ultimate loads. The behavior of connections and beams are characterized and the TCC connections with the highest strength and stiffness and feasibility for construction and dismantling are identified.

Experimental Investigations of Deconstructable Timber–Concrete Composite Beams

Adhesive-bonded timber-concrete composites – Experimental and numerical investigation of hygrothermal effects

To study the creep behavior of bamboo beams, the long-term bending creep tests of twelve bamboo beams with different loading levels were carried out in an indoor environment. The following results were obtained. The creep of reconstituted bamboo beams under different loading levels exhibits the three-stage characteristics of short rapid creep, sustained moderate-speed creep, and stable low-speed creep; the growth ratios of creep deflection are between 30.9% and 39.1% for the reconstituted bamboo beams at the 10–50% loading level. The creep and the creep rate increase with an increase in the loading level. Meanwhile, the long-term creep prediction model of the reconstituted bamboo beam is derived based on the Burgers model; the proposed model may reflect the significant effects of the loading level and is able to accurately evaluate the deflection-time behavior of the recombinant bamboo by taking the loading level into consideration. Based on the prediction, the creep value of reconstituted bamboo beams is large and develops rapidly, and the creep deflection of the reconstituted bamboo beams at high loading level (30–50%) will exceed the maximum deflection corresponding to the ultimate bending capacity within 5 years.

Experimental investigation of the long-term behavior of reconstituted bamboo beams with various loading levels

A finite-element model (FEM) is developed to predict the load-displacement behavior of a composite wood-concrete floor/deck system under short-term loading. The interlayer connection was modeled with link elements dedicated for connection modeling. Results of past tests of two full-scale layered floor/deck specimens are employed to confirm the FEM model. The specimen had a layer of solid sawn lumber overlaid by concrete and interconnected to it with a pattern of notched shear key/anchor details. The FEM results agreed closely with the measured deflection data for the loadings considered. The efficiency of composite behavior achieved by each of those specimens is quantified by a conventional and three improved approaches based on the computer modeling and measured test results. The new approaches better capture the overall efficiency of the entire floor/deck.

Finite-Element Modeling of Short-Term Field Response of Composite Wood-Concrete Floors/Decks

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the time-dependent behaviour of a layered wood–concrete composite beam specimen with notched shear key interlayer connections, under long-term static load and simultaneous exposure to naturally changing ambient environmental conditions including temperature and relative humidity. A creep test was performed to provide data about the behaviour of the wood–concrete composite beams for the first 5 month duration of the service life, while environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature) were continuously monitored. A change in relative humidity makes the moisture content inside wood change, and the variations of moisture content in the wood create shrinkage/swelling in the wood layer. This variation also directly affects the mechanical properties of wood as well as causing the mechano-sorptive phenomenon in wood materials. In addition, an interconnected layered wood–concrete beam is an internally indeterminate structure; for examp...

Long-term load test of a wood–concrete composite beam

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model for capturing the time-dependent behavior of layered wood-concrete composite beams with notched shear key interlayer connections, subject to long-term static load and simultaneous exposure to naturally changing ambient environmental conditions, including temperature and relative humidity. For the wood material, the research extends the formulation of a previous rheological model, originally proposed for uniaxial stress state of wood exposed to moisture variations, to 3D finite-element modeling with a multiaxial stress state. For the concrete material, a standard creep model for uniaxial stress states was approximated using a generalized Maxwell’s model and then expanded to 3D formulations. The 3D model described in this paper was implemented via external user subroutines in the commercial software ABAQUS. Finite-element models for a wood-concrete composite beam with notched shear key were developed to model the diffusion problem of moist...

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Long-Term Structural Behavior of Wood-Concrete Composite Beams

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Lam To

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Finite-Element Modeling of Short-Term Field Response of Composite Wood-Concrete Floors/Decks

Long-term load test of a wood–concrete composite beam

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Long-Term Structural Behavior of Wood-Concrete Composite Beams