After the first man-loading high temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev demonstration had been tested successfully years ago, its future application attracts more and more researchers and engineers. This paper reviews the recent development of HTS Maglev system in China. In the past seven years, quasi-static forces, dynamic characteristics and running performances have been studied by three self-developed HTS maglev measurement systems and 11-ch vibration measurement apparatus. Some practical problems are considered in details for further engineering application of HTS Maglev train, such as running along the forward direction with inhomogeneous magnetic field, construction cost estimation, propulsion optimization, and so on. On the other hand, a systematic method is introduced to analyze or optimize the force interaction between bulk high temperature superconductor and permanent magnetic guideway. Primary running parameters and data are obtained for the safety design of future HTS Maglev system. Furthermore, a low-mid speed HTS Maglev test line is blueprinted with a maximum speed of 100 km/h, which will be the first step of practical HTS Maglev engineering application.

Recent Development of High Temperature Superconducting Maglev System in China

A small superconducting maglev propeller system, a small spacecraft model suspending and moving around a terrestrial globe, several small maglev vehicle models and a magnetic circuit converter have been designed and constructed. The track was paved by NdFeB magnets, the arrangement of the magnets made us easy to get a uniform distribution of magnetic field along the length direction of the track and a high magnetic field gradient in the lateral direction. When the YBCO bulks mounted inside the vehicle models or spacecraft model was field cooled to LN 2 temperature at a certain distance away from the track, they could be automatically floating over and moving along the track without any obvious friction. The models can be used as experimental or demonstration devices for the magnetic levitation applications.

Magnetic levitation and its application for education devices based on YBCO bulk superconductors

High quality single domain SmBCO bulks superconductor with diameter in 20 mm and thickness in 10 mm were fabricated by the RE + 011 TSIG method in air. The effect of applied magnetic field (Ba) on the trapped field (Btr) and Btr dependence of levitation forces between a permanent magnet (20 mm in diameter, B = 0.5 T) and the SmBCO bulk have been investigated. The results show that the maximum trapped field (Btr,max) of the sample with 0.5 wt% CeO2 increases from 0.17 T to 0.8 T with the increasing of Ba from 0.2 T to 1.4 T, and the fitting equation is achieved, Btr,max is related to Ba: B t r , max = 0.613 × B a 0.688 , and the maximum levitation force shows a complicated variation trend, it increases from 49.4 N to 74.9 N with the increasing of Btr,max from 0 T to 0.43 T, and then decreases from 74.9 N to 69.5 N with the increasing of Btr,max from 0.43 T to 0.58 T, and then increases from 69.5 N to 86.9 N with the increasing of Btr,max from 0.58 T to 0.67 T. This is a very new and first discovered phenomenon on Btr dependence of levitation force compared with the reported results for bulk superconductor. The levitation forces of other two samples were measured and also show a complicated variation trend. And a speculative cause is considered. These results provided a new way which can greatly enhance and control the levitation force by adjusting the trapped field of the sample for practical applications.

Influence of trapped field on the levitation force of SmBCO bulk superconductor

The suspension and levitation of superconductors by permanent magnets is a fascinating consequence of superconductivity, and a wonderful way to generate interest in low-temperature physics and electrodynamics. We present a classroom demonstration of the levitation/suspension of a superconductor over a magnetic track that maximizes the levitation/suspension time and the separation distance between the magnetic track and superconductor. The demonstration, as described, is both inexpensive and easy to construct.

A classroom demonstration of levitation and suspension of a superconductor over a magnetic track

The super-high speed high temperature superconductor (HTS) maglev evacuated tube transport (ETT) is a promising transport mode for the future. As a key component of the HTS maglev vehicle, the permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) with different geometrical configurations and iron yoke widths are analyzed by finite element method (FEM). The levitation force of a single onboard HTS maglev device over the designed PMG at different field cooling heights (FCH) is measured by magnetic levitation measurement system. Based on the designed PMG and experimental results, a preliminary scheme of subterranean super-high speed HTS maglev ETT is described in this paper. The HTS maglev ETT is mainly composed of an evacuated tube, HTS maglev vehicle, PMG, propulsion system, station, emergency rescue system, etc. In addition, a subterranean tube that consists of foundation tube and vacuum airproof layer is introduced. In order to convert the stress caused by the air pressure difference between inside and outside of the vehicle, a multi-circular vehicle body is designed. The vehicle is driven by a linear motor propulsion system under the control of a ground controlling system. The scheme of long-distance super-high speed passenger transportation is accomplished by the connection of different vehicles.

/pdf/design-consideration-of-a-super-high-speed-high-temperature-4gipo4h57h.pdf

Design consideration of a super-high speed high temperature superconductor maglev evacuated tube transport (I)

Models of two small Maglev cars have been made. The track was paved with NdFeB magnets. The arrangement of the magnets made it easy to get a uniform magnetic field distribution along the length of the track and a magnetic field gradient in the lateral direction. When the car with YBCO bulk superconductors was field cooled to LN2 temperature at a certain distance above the track, the car could be automatically levitated over the track and moved along the track without any obvious friction. The model can be used to demonstrate the Meissner effect and a fast transportation system to students and adults.

/pdf/a-small-maglev-car-model-using-ybco-bulk-superconductors-332irgioaz.pdf

A small Maglev car model using YBCO bulk superconductors

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A small Maglev car model using YBCO bulk superconductors