Genetic variation at 16 allozyme loci was studied in both American (Larix occidentalis Nutt., L. laricina (Du Roi) C. Koch, L. lyallii Parl.) and Eurasian (L. sibirica Ledeb., L. gmelinii Rupr., L. olgensis A. Henry, L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. (=L. leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.), L. kamtschatica (Rupr.) Carr. and L. decidua (Mill.)) larch species. Species with a limited range, such as L. olgensis and L. lyallii, had lower genetic variation than species with a wider range. Population differentiation within species was of the same order of magnitude among species. The resulting phylogeny indicates a clear separation between American and Eurasian species. This result is in agreement with recent palaeontological findings that suggest that gene flow between American and Eurasian species has been unlikely since the last glaciation.

/pdf/genetic-relationship-among-eurasian-and-american-larix-17x0saxnxs.pdf

Genetic relationship among eurasian and american larix species based on allozymes

We report allozyme variation in 46 new single-tree seedlots of Metasequoia glyptostroboides collected in 1990 in Hubei and Sichuan provinces, China; and comparative growth data for 20 of the seedlots. Fourth-season heights ranged from 60% to 119% of plantation means at New Brunswick, New Jersey, and Newark, Ohio. Height ranks at both sites were strongly correlated; there was no family x site interaction. Family heritability was 0.72. Several phenotypic mutants (dwarf, weeping, ''corkscrew'') appeared among the 46 new seedlots. Frequency analysis of foliar allozymes showed that 3 of 15 loci were polymorphic in the 1990 seedlots, vs 2 of 15 polymorphic in the 1947 Arnold Arboretum seedlot. All measures of genetic variation calculated were higher in the 1990 seedlot. It is clear, however, that the 1947 seedlot could not have all come from one large, isolated tree (implying self-pollination) because the FE-2 locus exhibited 4 alleles.

Genetic variation in two ex situ collections of the rare Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Cupressaceae)

The genetic diversity of SSR markers was studied in six populations of Siberian larch, two populations of Gmelin larch, and four populations of Cajander larch. Seven pairs of nuclear microsatellite loci were used for this analysis. 103 allelic variants were detected in 365 individuals of three species of larch. According to the AMOVA results, the variability proportion that characterizes the differences between three Larix species was twice as higher (15%) than the proportion that accounts for among-population differences within the species (6%). The differentiation of the populations of three species of larch based on SSR markers exceeded 12% (FsT = 0.121). A significant correlation of the genetic distances with the geographic distances between populations was found (r = 0.835, P = 0.01).

[Genetic diversity, population structure, and differentiation of Siberian larch, Gmelin larch and Cajander larch on SSR-markers data].

Larix potaninii var. chinensis is endemic to China and is found only on several peaks of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province. In China, it is classified in the second class of national protected rare plants. To estimate genetic diversity and to analyze population genetic structure of L. potaninii var. chinensis, 120 individual samples from six natural populations were assessed using seven Larix SSR primer pairs. The results indicate that the level of genetic diversity of L. potaninii var. chinensis is very high, with a mean number of alleles per locus of 4.71. On the other hand, correspondingly low genetic differentiation was found between populations, with an F (ST) value of 0.116, suggesting that more than four-fifths of the genetic variation resides within populations. Besides the influence of habitat heterogeneity and historical distribution, the high level of genetic diversity of L. potaninii var. chinensis is also attributed to its biological characteristics. The definite genetic differentiation among populations, however, is attributed to the effects of genetic drift and natural selection, which are most likely due to the spatial isolation and inclement climate of the species' habitat. This study also revealed evidence that L. potaninii var. chinensis could be endangered, and some conservation strategies are suggested.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Larix potaninii var . chinensis Using Microsatellite DNA

/pdf/technical-guidelines-for-molecular-genetic-analysis-in-non-5bywvy0xn0.pdf

Technical guidelines for molecular genetic analysis in non-native forest tree species of Europe

The population structure of Larix laricina in New Brunswick, Canada

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The population structure of Larix laricina in New Brunswick, Canada