Aromatic amines from azo dye reduction: status review with emphasis on direct UV spectrophotometric detection in textile industry wastewaters

Derivatization reactions for the determination of amines by gas chromatography and their applications in environmental analysis.

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and aromatic amines in particulate phase cigarette smoke using simultaneous distillation and extraction as a sole sample clean-up step

List of Authors and Affiliations. A Book of Distinction. Acknowledgements. MDI and TDI Usage: Responsible Risk Management (D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside). 1 MDI, TDI and the Polyurethane Industry (D C Allport, D S Gilbert and S M Outterside). 2 Handling MDI and TDI (D C Allport, et al.). 3 Health (D C Allport, P Davies, W F Diller, J E Doe, F Floca h, H D Hoffmann, M Katoh and J P Lyon. Appendices by D I Bernstein). 4 The Environment (R E Bailey, A Gard, K H den Haan, F Heimbach, D Pemberton, H Tadokoro, M Takatsuki and Y Yakabe) 5 Supporting Sciences. 5.1 Chemistry of Manufacture of MDI and TDI (D C Allport, D S Gilbert and B Tury). 5.2 Structures and Nomenclature (D C Allport, D S Gilbert and B Tury). 5.3 Chemical Reactions of MDI and TDI (D C Allport, D S Gilbert, D Pemberton and B Tury). 5.4 Physical and Fire Properties (S M Outterside and D Pemberton). 5.5 Fire Behaviour of MDI and TDI (J F Chapman, B Cope, G Marlair and F Prager). 5.6 Occupational Exposure Limits, Stack Limits and Community Limits (D C Allport, D S Gilbert, S M Outterside and B Tury). 5.7 Sampling and Analysis (K S Brenner, V Dharmarajan and P Maddison). Index.

MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide

Two men were exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) atmospheres at three different air concentrations (ca. 25, 50 and 70μg/m3) . The TDI atmospheres were generated by a gas-phase permeation method, and the exposures were performed in an 8-m3 stainless-steel test chamber. The effective exposure period was 4h. The isomeric composition of the air in the test chamber was 30% 2,4-TDI and 70% 2,6-TDI. The concentration of TDI in air of the test chamber was determined by an HPLC method using the 9-(N-methyl-amino-methyl)-anthracene reagent and by a continuous-monitoring filter-tape instrument. Following the hydrolysis of plasma and urine, the related amines, 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA) and 2,6-toluenediamine (2,6-TDA), were determined as pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) derivatives by capillary gas chromatography using selected ion monitoring (SIM) in the electron-impact mode. In plasma, 2,4- and 2,6-TDA showed a rapid-phase elimination half-time of ca. 2–5 h, and that for the slow phase was > 6 days. A connection was observed between concentrations of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in air and the levels of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA in plasma. The cumulated amount of 2,4-TDA excreted in the urine over 24 h was ca. 15%–19% of the estimated inhaled dose of 2,4-TDI, and that of 2,6-TDA was ca. 17%–23% of the inhaled dose of 2,6-TDI. A connection was found between the cumulated (24-h) urinary excretion of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA and the air concentration of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in the test chamber. A connection was also observed between the rate of urinary excretion of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA over the last 2h of exposure and the air concentration of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI in the test chamber. Biological monitoring of exposure to monomeric 2,4- and 2,6-TDI by the analysis of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA in biological media is feasible. A method based on 24-h urine sampling and determination levels of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA in hydrolysed urine is recommended. However, exposure to TDI is often associated with aerosols containing polymeric TDI, and we do not know whether analysis of TDA in urine can also be used as a marker of exposure to TDI prepolymers.

Biological monitoring of isocyanates and related amines. IV. 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine in hydrolysed plasma and urine after test-chamber exposure of humans to 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate.

Trace analysis of amines and isocyanates using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection : I. Determination of aromatic amines as perfluoro fatty acid amides using electron-capture detection

Capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination of complex mixture of isocyanates and amines

Trace analysis of amines and isocyanates using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection

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Trace analysis of amines and isocyanates using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection : I. Determination of aromatic amines as perfluoro fatty acid amides using electron-capture detection

Capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination of complex mixture of isocyanates and amines

Trace analysis of amines and isocyanates using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection