Soil Chemical Analysis

Poorly maintained BMPs can result in significant quantities of sediment being discharged to storm drains. Uncontrolled stormwater runoff from construction sites can significantly impact rivers, lakes and estuaries. Sediment in waterbodies from construction sites can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching aquatic plants, clog fish gills, smother aquatic habitat and spawning areas, and impede navigation.

US Environmental Protection Agency

The effects of compost incorporation on soil physical properties in urban soils - A concise review.

/pdf/phosphorus-sources-and-management-in-organic-production-21nlyuasvr.pdf

Phosphorus Sources and Management in Organic Production Systems

Critical source area management of agricultural phosphorus: experiences, challenges and opportunities

Control of soil erosion and associated nonpoint source pollution is essential to improving water quality. The use of compost or mulch blankets as a soil cover can help control soil erosion and provide sustainable alternatives to disposal for many biomass resources. The objective of this study was to investigate the amounts of runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses obtained under simulated rainfall using a variety of compost and mulch materials. Treatments included aged poultry litter, two different types of poultry litter compost, municipal solid waste compost, biosolids compost, food waste compost, yard waste compost, three different types of wood mulch, and bare soil. Results indicated that all of the treatments except for aged poultry litter were effective at reducing total solids loss in the runoff. Nutrient losses from most of the compost treatments, however, were higher than those from bare soil or mulch treatments. Treatments with lower respiration rates and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations tended to have less erosion and transport of solids. Nitrate-nitrogen content, respiration rates, soluble salt, sodium, and potassium contents were good indicators of ammonium and phosphorus losses.

Runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses from compost and mulch blankets under simulated rainfall

Soil erosion is considered the biggest contributor to nonpoint source pollution in the United States according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the federally mandated National Pollution Discharge Elimination System. Soil loss rates from construction sites can be 10 to 20 times that of agricultural lands. The use of surface applied organic amendments has been shown to reduce runoff and erosion, however, with the exception of animal manure, little research has focused on nutrient loss from these amendments. Four types of compost blankets, hydroseed, silt fence, and a bare soil (control) were applied in field test plots. Treatments were seeded with common bermuda grass. A rainfall simulator applied rainfall at an average rate equivalent to a 50 yr hr -1 storm event (7.75 cm hr -1 ). Three simulated rain events were conducted: immediately after treatment application, at three months when vegetation was established, and at one year when the vegetation was mature. After three months, the compost generated five times less runoff than hydroseed with silt fence, and after one year, generated 24 percent less runoff. All treatments proved better than the control at reducing solids loss. Total solid loads were as much as 3.5 times greater from hydroseed and silt fence compared to the composts during the first storm, and as much as 16 times greater during the second storm. Materials high in inorganic nitrogen (N) released greater amounts of nitrogen in storm runoff; however, these materials showed reduced N loss over time. Hydroseeding generated significantly higher total phosphorus (P) and dissolved reactive P loads compared to compost in storm runoff during the first storm event.

Evaluation of stormwater from compost and conventional erosion control practices in construction activities

Soil erosion is one of the biggest contributors to nonpoint source pollution in the United States. Soil loss rates from construction sites are 10 to 20 times that of agricultural lands. The use of surface applied organic amendments has been shown to reduce runoff and erosion through enhanced vegetation growth and soil quality characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetation growth and soil quality effects from compost blanket and hydroseed applications to soils disturbed by construction activities. Four types of compost blankets, two hydroseeded treatments (silt fence and mulch filter berm) and a bare soil (control) were applied in field test plots. Treatments were seeded with common Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). Vegetative growth (percent cover and biomass of weeds and grasses) and soil quality characteristics were evaluated periodically over one year and 18 months, respectively. Results showed compost blankets provided an average of 2.75 times more vegetative cover than hydroseed after three months. After one year, cover was similar, but hydroseed had significantly greater weed biomass than compost and a greater ratio of weed biomass relative to Bermuda grass biomass. One type of compost blanket increased surface soil extractable organic carbon, and another type increased organic matter in 0 to15 cm (0 to 6 in) soil depths relative to hydroseed treated soils. A one-time application of hydroseed that included mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer elevated surface soil P after 18 months. On construction sites where disturbed soils are prone to erosion and vegetation establishment is required, compost applications will promote quicker vegetation cover with less weed growth than hydroseeding. Some compost erosion control blankets have the ability to increase soil quality characteristics relative to hydroseed applications within 18 months of application.

Vegetation and soil quality effects from hydroseed and compost blankets used for erosion control in construction activities

In order to better manage agricultural phosphorus (P), most states in the United States have adopted a “P indexing” approach that ranks fields according to potential P losses. In Georgia, the Georgia P Index was developed to estimate the risk of bioavailable P loss from agricultural land to surface waters, considering sources of P, transport mechanisms, and management practices. Nine farm fields, managed as pasture or hay systems, were outfitted with 28 small in-field runoff collectors. Runoff P, soil P, and field management practices were monitored from 2004 to 2007. Fields varied from those rich in P (broiler litter or dairy slurry) to those without P amendments (inorganic nitrogen [N] or no amendments). Data relating to nutrient applications, soil properties, soil P, and management were used as input values to determine a Georgia P Index value estimating the risk of P export from each field. Results indicated that the Georgia P Index underrated the risk in only 2% of the cases when considering loads or mass losses of P, partly due to the influence of small annual runoff volumes and thus greater flow-weighted concentrations from some fields. While measured P export was generally low to moderate (

Assessment of the Georgia Phosphorus Index on farm at the field scale for grassland management

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

L.M. Risse

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses from compost and mulch blankets under simulated rainfall

Evaluation of stormwater from compost and conventional erosion control practices in construction activities

Vegetation and soil quality effects from hydroseed and compost blankets used for erosion control in construction activities

Assessment of the Georgia Phosphorus Index on farm at the field scale for grassland management